微服务SpringCloud之Feign（一）

一、是什么

Feign是一种声明式、模板化的HTTP客户端， Feign可以帮助我们更快捷、优雅地调用HTTP API，类似controller调用service一样。

二、做什么

在Spring Cloud中，使用Feign非常简单。创建一个接口，并在接口上添加一些注解，就可以代替HttpClient的功能。Feign支持多种注解，例如Feign自带的注解或者JAX-RS注解等。

Spring Cloud对Feign进行了增强，使Feign支持了Spring MVC注解，并整合了Ribbon和Eureka，从而让Feign的使用更加方便。

三、怎么用

• 添加pom依赖

    <!-- 引入spring boot的依赖 -->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.4.3.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--添加feign依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- fastjson -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.15</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 单元测试 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <!-- 引入spring cloud的依赖 -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Camden.SR4</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <!-- 添加spring-boot的maven插件 -->
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

• 编写Feign客户端，用来调用http接口

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

@FeignClient(name = "emosUrl", url = "http://127.0.0.1:8081")
public interface FeignClient {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/httpserver/api", method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes = "application/json")
    String select(@RequestBody String json);

}

• 编写Controller，注入Feign客户端

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@RestController
public class FeignController {

    @Autowired
    private FeignClient feignClient;

    @GetMapping("/select")
    public String select() {
        Map request = new HashMap();
        request.put("busiCode", "query");
        request.put("httpParam", "");
        String json = JSON.toJSONString(request);
        return this.userFeignClient.select(json);
    }

}

扩展：单元测试

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class TestFeignController {

    @Autowired
    private FeignClient feignClient;

    @Test
    public void testSelect() {
        Map request = new HashMap();
        request.put("busiCode", "query");
        request.put("httpParam", "");
        String json = JSON.toJSONString(request);
        System.out.println(userFeignClient.select(json));
    }

}