解决连接Oracle 11g报ORA-01034和ORA-27101的错误

背景：

使用sqlplus连接oracle，提示ORA-01034和ORA-27101，具体内容如下：

ERROR:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0

解决方法是执行以下命令：

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Nov 7 17:16:47 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  778387456 bytes
Fixed Size                  1374808 bytes
Variable Size             503317928 bytes
Database Buffers          268435456 bytes
Redo Buffers                5259264 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

 此时可能会报出ORA-03113这样的错误，如下所示

 

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3423965184 bytes
Fixed Size                  2180544 bytes
Variable Size            2550139456 bytes
Database Buffers          855638016 bytes
Redo Buffers               16007168 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
Process ID: 9116
Session ID: 191 Serial number: 3