C#中Message Queuing（消息队列）编程技术(二)

接上例,这次讲讲如何接收消息。

消息服务有发送消息，当然就得有地方接收他，或者说是消费他才行的。

先给个简单的示例：

using System; using System.Messaging; namespace Wrox.ProCSharp.Messaging { class Receive { static void Main(string[] args) { try { if (MessageQueue.Exists(@"./Private$/MyPrivateQueue")) { MessageQueue queue = new MessageQueue(@"./Private$/MyPrivateQueue"); queue.Formatter = new BinaryMessageFormatter(); Message message = queue.Receive(); Console.WriteLine(message.Body); } } catch (MessageQueueException ex) { Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); } } } }

注意：

queue.Receive();方法是同步执行的，如果队列中没有消息，就会等待队列中有消息时再执行。

另外：

1.关于消息的遍历：

我们完全可以通过程序对消息队列进行枚举：

例如：

for(Message msg in queue){

    ......

}

2.关于消息的异步读取，方法如下：

using System; using System.Messaging; namespace Wrox.ProCSharp.Messaging { class Receiver { static void Main(string[] args) { try { if (MessageQueue.Exists(@"./Private$/MyPrivateQueue")) { MessageQueue queue = new MessageQueue(@"./Private$/MyPrivateQueue"); queue.Formatter = new XmlMessageFormatter(new string[] {"System.String"}); //Message message = queue.Receive(); //Console.WriteLine(message.Body); queue.ReceiveCompleted += new ReceiveCompletedEventHandler(MessageArrived); queue.BeginReceive(); } } catch (MessageQueueException ex) { Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); } } public static void MessageArrived(object source, ReceiveCompletedEventArgs e) { MessageQueue queue = (MessageQueue)source; Message message = queue.EndReceive(e.AsyncResult); Console.WriteLine(message.Body); } } }

 

 

下面再来看一个示例，虽然可能提供的只是代码片段，但是应该能够简单的展示了Windows中消息队列的作用。

先看输出的数据类型：

#region Using directives using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; #endregion namespace Wrox.ProCSharp.Messaging { public class Course { public Course() { } public Course(string title) { this.title = title; } private string title; public string Title { get { return title; } set { title = value; } } } }

#region Using directives using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; #endregion namespace Wrox.ProCSharp.Messaging { public class CourseOrder { public CourseOrder() { } private Customer customer; public Customer Customer { get { return customer; } set { customer = value; } } private Course course; public Course Course { get { return course; } set { course = value; } } } }

#region Using directives using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; #endregion namespace Wrox.ProCSharp.Messaging { public class Customer { public Customer() { } public Customer(string company, string contact) { this.company = company; this.contact = contact; } private string company; public string Company { get { return company; } set { company = value; } } private string contact; public string Contact { get { return contact; } set { contact = value; } } } }

消息发送端：

#region Using directives using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Messaging; using Wrox.ProCSharp.Messaging; #endregion namespace CourseOrderSender { partial class CourseOrderForm : Form { public CourseOrderForm() { InitializeComponent(); } private void OnSubmitCourseOrder(object sender, EventArgs e) { CourseOrder order = new CourseOrder(); order.Course = new Course(comboBoxCourses.SelectedItem.ToString()); order.Customer = new Customer(textCompany.Text, textContact.Text); if (!MessageQueue.Exists(@"./Private$/CourseOrder")) { MessageQueue.Create(@"./Private$/CourseOrder"); } using (MessageQueue queue = new MessageQueue(@"./Private$/CourseOrder")) using (System.Messaging.Message message = new System.Messaging.Message(order)) { if (checkBoxPriority.Checked) message.Priority = MessagePriority.High; message.Recoverable = true; queue.Send(message, "Course Order {" + order.Customer.Company + "}"); } MessageBox.Show("Course Order submitted"); } } }

消息接收端：

#region Using directives using System; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Drawing; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Threading; using System.Messaging; using Wrox.ProCSharp.Messaging; #endregion namespace CourseOrderReceiver { partial class CourseOrderReceiverForm : Form { private delegate void MethodInvoker(LabelIdMapping labelIdMapping); private MessageQueue orderQueue; public CourseOrderReceiverForm() { InitializeComponent(); orderQueue = new MessageQueue(@"./Private$/CourseOrder"); System.Type[] types = new Type[3]; types[0] = typeof(CourseOrder); types[1] = typeof(Customer); types[2] = typeof(Course); orderQueue.Formatter = new XmlMessageFormatter(types); Thread t1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(PeekMessages)); t1.IsBackground = true; t1.Start(); } private void PeekMessages() { using (MessageEnumerator messageEnum = orderQueue.GetMessageEnumerator()) { while (messageEnum.MoveNext(TimeSpan.FromHours(3))) { Invoke(new MethodInvoker(AddListItem), new LabelIdMapping(messageEnum.Current.Label, messageEnum.Current.Id)); } } MessageBox.Show("No orders in the last 3 hours. Exiting thread"); } private void AddListItem(LabelIdMapping labelIdMapping) { listOrders.Items.Add(labelIdMapping); } private class LabelIdMapping { private string label; private string id; public LabelIdMapping(string label, string id) { this.label = label; this.id = id; } public override string ToString() { return label; } public string Id { get { return id; } } } private void OnOrderSelectionChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { LabelIdMapping labelId = (LabelIdMapping)listOrders.SelectedItem; if (labelId == null) return; System.Messaging.Message message = orderQueue.PeekById(labelId.Id); CourseOrder order = message.Body as CourseOrder; if (order != null) { textCourse.Text = order.Course.Title; textCompany.Text = order.Customer.Company; textContact.Text = order.Customer.Contact; buttonProcessOrder.Enabled = true; //if (message.Priority > MessagePriority.Normal) //{ // labelPriority.Visible = true; //} //else //{ // labelPriority.Visible = false; //} } else { MessageBox.Show("The selected item is not a course order"); } } private void OnProcessOrder(object sender, EventArgs e) { LabelIdMapping labelId = (LabelIdMapping)listOrders.SelectedItem; System.Messaging.Message message = orderQueue.ReceiveById(labelId.Id); listOrders.Items.Remove(labelId); listOrders.SelectedIndex = -1; buttonProcessOrder.Enabled = false; textCompany.Text = ""; textContact.Text = ""; textCourse.Text = ""; MessageBox.Show("Course order processed"); } } }

 

说明：

Message Queuing技术不仅提供了异步通信，还提供了断开连接通讯的能力。

如果接触过Java中JMS的朋友应该很容易理解（Java中可以通用诸如ActiveMQ服务器对Java消息队列提供支持）。