PendingIntent的用法和与Intent区别

pendingIntent字面意义：等待的，未决定的Intent。
来看下官方的描述：

A description of an Intent and target action to perform with it. Instances of this class are created with getActivity(Context, int, Intent, int), getActivities(Context, int, Intent[], int), getBroadcast(Context, int, Intent, int), and getService(Context, int, Intent, int); the returned object can be handed to other applications so that they can perform the action you described on your behalf at a later time.

By giving a PendingIntent to another application, you are granting it the right to perform the operation you have specified as if the other application was yourself (with the same permissions and identity). As such, you should be careful about how you build the PendingIntent: almost always, for example, the base Intent you supply should have the component name explicitly set to one of your own components, to ensure it is ultimately sent there and nowhere else.

A PendingIntent itself is simply a reference to a token maintained by the system describing the original data used to retrieve it. This means that, even if its owning application's process is killed, the PendingIntent itself will remain usable from other processes that have been given it. If the creating application later re-retrieves the same kind of PendingIntent (same operation, same Intent action, data, categories, and components, and same flags), it will receive a PendingIntent representing the same token if that is still valid, and can thus call cancel() to remove it.

Because of this behavior, it is important to know when two Intents are considered to be the same for purposes of retrieving a PendingIntent. A common mistake people make is to create multiple PendingIntent objects with Intents that only vary in their "extra" contents, expecting to get a different PendingIntent each time. This does not happen. The parts of the Intent that are used for matching are the same ones defined by Intent.filterEquals. If you use two Intent objects that are equivalent as per Intent.filterEquals, then you will get the same PendingIntent for both of them.

There are two typical ways to deal with this.

If you truly need multiple distinct PendingIntent objects active at the same time (such as to use as two notifications that are both shown at the same time), then you will need to ensure there is something that is different about them to associate them with different PendingIntents. This may be any of the Intent attributes considered by Intent.filterEquals, or different request code integers supplied to getActivity(Context, int, Intent, int), getActivities(Context, int, Intent[], int), getBroadcast(Context, int, Intent, int), or getService(Context, int, Intent, int).

If you only need one PendingIntent active at a time for any of the Intents you will use, then you can alternatively use the flags FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT or FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT to either cancel or modify whatever current PendingIntent is associated with the Intent you are supplying.

要得到一个pendingIntent对象，使用方法类的静态方法 getActivity(Context, int, Intent, int),getBroadcast(Context, int, Intent, int), getService(Context, int, Intent, int)  分别对应着Intent的3个行为，跳转到一个activity组件、打开一个广播组件和打开一个服务组件。
参数有4个，比较重要的事第三个和第一个，其次是第四个和第二个。可以看到，要得到这个对象，必须传入一个Intent作为参数，必须有context作为参数。
pendingIntent是一种特殊的Intent。主要的区别在于Intent的执行立刻的，而pendingIntent的执行不是立刻的。pendingIntent执行的操作实质上是参数传进来的Intent的操作，但是使用pendingIntent的目的在于它所包含的Intent的操作的执行是需要满足某些条件的。
主要的使用的地方和例子：通知Notificatio的发送，短消息SmsManager 的发送和警报器AlarmManager的执行等等。

Android的状态栏通知(Notification)

如果需要查看消息，可以拖动状态栏到屏幕下方即可查看消息。

步骤：

1获取通知管理器NotificationManager，它也是一个系统服务

2建立通知Notification notification = new Notification(icon, null, when);

3为新通知设置参数(比如声音，震动，灯光闪烁)

4把新通知添加到通知管理器

发送消息的代码如下：

//获取通知管理器

NotificationManager mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE)

int icon = android.R.drawable.stat_notify_chat;

long when = System.currentTimeMillis();//通知发生的时间为系统当前时间

//新建一个通知，指定其图标和标题

Notification notification = new Notification(icon, null, when);//第一个参数为图标,第二个参数为短暂提示标题,第三个为通知时间

notification.defaults = Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND;//发出默认声音

notification.flags |= Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL;//点击通知后自动清除通知

Intent openintent = new Intent(this, OtherActivity.class);

PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, openintent, 0);//当点击消息时就会向系统发送openintent意图

notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, “标题”, “我是内容", contentIntent);

mNotificationManager.notify(0, notification);//第一个参数为自定义的通知唯一标识

 

重点是setLatestEventInfo( )方法的最后一个参数！！！！它是一个PendingIntent!!!!!!!!!

这里使用到了PendingIntent(pend本意是待定，不确定的意思)

PendingIntent可以看作是对Intent的包装。PendingIntent主要持有的信息是它所包装的Intent和当前Application的Context。正由于PendingIntent中保存有当前Application的Context，使它赋予带他程序一种执行的Intent的能力，就算在执行时当前Application已经不存在了，也能通过存在PendingIntent里的Context照样执行Intent。

 

PendingIntent的一个很好的例子：

SmsManager的用于发送短信的方法：

sendTextMessage(destinationAddress, scAddress, text, sentIntent, deliveryIntent);

第一个参数：destinationAddress对方手机号码

第二个参数：scAddress短信中心号码一般设置为空

第三个参数：text短信内容

第四个参数：sentIntent判断短信是否发送成功，如果你没有SIM卡，或者网络中断，则可以通过这个itent来判断。注意强调的是“发送”的动作是否成功。那么至于对于对方是否收到，另当别论

第五个参数：deliveryIntent当短信发送到收件人时，会收到这个deliveryIntent。即强调了“发送”后的结果

就是说是在"短信发送成功"和"对方收到此短信"才会激活 sentIntent和deliveryIntent这两个Intent。这也相当于是延迟执行了Intent

上面两个例子可以理解，PendingIntent就是一个可以在满足一定条件下执行的Intent，它相比于Intent的优势在于自己携带有Context对象，这样他就不必依赖于某个activity才可以存在。

//

本文主要介绍PendingIntent的作用和举例以及和Intent的区别，本文中代码见AndroidDemo@GoogleCode。

1、PendingIntent作用

根据字面意思就知道是延迟的intent，主要用来在某个事件完成后执行特定的Action。PendingIntent包含了Intent及Context，所以就算Intent所属程序结束，PendingIntent依然有效，可以在其他程序中使用。
常用在通知栏及短信发送系统中。

PendingIntent一般作为参数传给某个实例，在该实例完成某个操作后自动执行PendingIntent上的Action，也可以通过PendingIntent的send函数手动执行，并可以在send函数中设置OnFinished表示send成功后执行的动作。

2、PendingIntent举例

a. 系统通知栏

NotificationManager nm = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
int icon = android.R.drawable.stat_notify_chat;
long when = System.currentTimeMillis() + 2000;
Notification n = new Notification(icon, "通知栏demo提醒", when);
n.defaults = Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND;
n.flags |= Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL;

Intent openintent = new Intent(this, DemoList.class);
PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, openintent, PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT);
n.setLatestEventInfo(this, "通知栏demo提醒title", "通知栏demo提醒text", pi);
nm.notify(0, n);

setLatestEventInfo表示设置点击该通知的事件

b. 短信系统举例

短信系统举例代码

private final static String SEND_ACTION      = "send";
private final static String DELIVERED_ACTION = "delivered";

private void sendSms(String receiver, String text) {
    SmsManager s = SmsManager.getDefault();
    PendingIntent sentPI = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this, 0, new Intent(SEND_ACTION),
                                                      PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT);
    PendingIntent deliveredPI = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this, 0, new Intent(DELIVERED_ACTION),
                                                           PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT);
    // 发送完成
    registerReceiver(new BroadcastReceiver() {

        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            switch (getResultCode()) {
                case Activity.RESULT_OK:
                    Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Send Success!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
                case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_GENERIC_FAILURE:
                    Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Send Failed because generic failure cause.",
                                   Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
                case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_NO_SERVICE:
                    Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Send Failed because service is currently unavailable.",
                                   Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
                case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_NULL_PDU:
                    Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Send Failed because no pdu provided.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
                case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_RADIO_OFF:
                    Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Send Failed because radio was explicitly turned off.",
                                   Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
                default:
                    Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Send Failed.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
            }
        }
    }, new IntentFilter(SEND_ACTION));

    // 对方接受完成
    registerReceiver(new BroadcastReceiver() {

        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            switch (getResultCode()) {
                case Activity.RESULT_OK:
                    Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Delivered Success!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
                default:
                    Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Delivered Failed!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
            }
        }
    }, new IntentFilter(DELIVERED_ACTION));

    // 发送短信，sentPI和deliveredPI将分别在短信发送成功和对方接受成功时被广播
    s.sendTextMessage(receiver, null, text, sentPI, deliveredPI);
}

以上的两个PendingIntent sentPI和deliveredPI将分别在短信发送成功和对方接受成功时被广播

3、Intent和PendingIntent的区别

a. Intent是立即使用的，而PendingIntent可以等到事件发生后触发，PendingIntent可以cancel
b. Intent在程序结束后即终止，而PendingIntent在程序结束后依然有效
c. PendingIntent自带Context，而Intent需要在某个Context内运行
d. Intent在原task中运行，PendingIntent在新的task中运行

///

PendingIntent用于描述Intent及其最终的行为. 
        你可以通过getActivity(Context context, int requestCode, Intent intent, int flags)系列方法从系统取得一个用于启动一个Activity的PendingIntent对象,

       可以通过getService(Context context, int requestCode, Intent intent, int flags)方法从系统取得一个用于启动一个Service的PendingIntent对象

        可以通过getBroadcast(Context context, int requestCode, Intent intent, int flags)方法从系统取得一个用于向BroadcastReceiver的Intent广播的PendingIntent对象

         返回的PendingIntent可以递交给别的应用程序，然后继续处理。这里的话你可以稍后才处理PendingIntent中描述的Intent及其最终行为。

        当你把PendingIntent递交给别的程序进行处理时,PendingIntent仍然拥有PendingIntent原程序所拥有的权限(with the same permissions and identity).当你从系统取得一个PendingIntent时，一定要非常小心才行。比如，通常，如果Intent目的地是你自己的component（Activity/Service/BroadcastReceiver）的话，你最好采用在Intent中显示指定目的component名字的方式，以确保Intent最终能发到目的，否则Intent最后可能不知道发到哪里了。一个PendingIntent就是Android系统中的一个token（节点，这个应该是Linux或C\C++用语）的一个对象引用，它描述了一些将用于retrieve的数据（这里，这些数据描述了Intent及其最终的行为）。

        这就意味着即使PendingIntent原进程结束了的话, PendingIntent本身仍然还存在，可在其他进程（PendingIntent被递交到的其他程序）中继续使用.如果我在从系统中提取一个PendingIntent的，而系统中有一个和你描述的PendingIntent对等的PendingInent, 那么系统会直接返回和该PendingIntent其实是同一token的PendingIntent，而不是一个新的token和PendingIntent。然而你在从提取PendingIntent时，通过FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT参数，让这个老PendingIntent的先cancel()掉，这样得到的pendingInten和其token的就是新的了。

       通过FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT参数的话，可以让新的Intent会更新之前PendingIntent中的Intent对象数据，例如更新Intent中的Extras。另外，我们也可以在PendingIntent的原进程中调用PendingIntent的cancel ()把其从系统中移除掉。

转载自：http://blog.csdn.net/yuzhiboyi/article/details/8484771