在android相关应用开发过程中,固定的一些属性可能满足不了开发的需求,所以在一些特殊情况下,需要自定义控件与属性,本文将以此问题进行详细介绍,需要的朋友可以参考下
自定义控件在android中无处不见,自定义控件给了我们很大的方便。比如说,一个视图为imageview ,imagebutton ,textview 等诸多控件的组合,用的地方有很多,我们不可能每次都来写3个的组合,既浪费时间,效率又低。在这种情况下,我们就可以自定义一个view来替换他们,不仅提升了效率并且在xml中运用也是相当的美观。
一、控件自定义属性介绍
以下示例中代码均在values/attrs.xml 中定义,属性均可随意命名。1. reference:参考某一资源ID。
示例:
- <declare-styleable name="名称">
- <attr name="background" format="reference" />
- <attr name="src" format="reference" />
- </declare-styleable>
2. color:颜色值。
示例:- <declare-styleable name="名称">
- <attr name="textColor" format="color" />
- </declare-styleable>
3. boolean:布尔值。
示例:- <declare-styleable name="名称">
- <attr name="focusable" format="boolean" />
- </declare-styleable>
示例:
- <declare-styleable name="名称">
- <attr name="layout_width" format="dimension" />
- </declare-styleable>
示例:
- <declare-styleable name="名称">
- <attr name="fromAlpha" format="float" />
- <attr name="toAlpha" format="float" />
- </declare-styleable>
示例:
- <declare-styleable name="名称">
- <attr name="frameDuration" format="integer" />
- <attr name="framesCount" format="integer" />
- </declare-styleable>
示例:
- <declare-styleable name="名称">
- <attr name="text" format="string" />
- </declare-styleable>
示例:
- <declare-styleable name="名称">
- <attr name="pivotX" format="fraction" />
- <attr name="pivotY" format="fraction" />
- </declare-styleable>
示例:
- <declare-styleable name="名称">
- <attr name="orientation">
- <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
- <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
- </attr>
- </declare-styleable>
示例:
- <declare-styleable name="名称">
- <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
- <flag name="stateUnspecified" value="0" />
- <flag name="stateUnchanged" value="1" />
- <flag name="stateHidden" value="2" />
- <flag name="stateAlwaysHidden" value="3" />
- </attr>
- </declare-styleable>
示例:
- <declare-styleable name="名称">
- <attr name="background" format="reference|color" />
- </declare-styleable>
二、属性的使用以及自定义控件的实现
1、构思控件的组成元素,思考所需自定义的属性。比如:我要做一个 <带阴影的按钮,按钮正下方有文字说明>(类似9宫格按钮)
新建values/attrs.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <resources>
- <declare-styleable name="custom_view">
- <attr name="custom_id" format="integer" />
- <attr name="src" format="reference" />
- <attr name="background" format="reference" />
- <attr name="text" format="string" />
- <attr name="textColor" format="color" />
- <attr name="textSize" format="dimension" />
- </declare-styleable>
- </resources>
2、怎么自定义控件呢,怎么使用这些属性呢?话不多说请看代码,CustomView :
- package com.nanlus.custom;
- import com.nanlus.custom.R;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.content.res.TypedArray;
- import android.graphics.Color;
- import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
- import android.util.AttributeSet;
- import android.view.Gravity;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.FrameLayout;
- import android.widget.ImageButton;
- import android.widget.ImageView;
- import android.widget.TextView;
- public class CustomView extends FrameLayout implements OnClickListener
- {
- private CustomListener customListener = null;
- private Drawable mSrc = null, mBackground = null;
- private String mText = "";
- private int mTextColor = 0;
- private float mTextSize = 20;
- private int mCustomId = 0;
- private ImageView mBackgroundView = null;
- private ImageButton mButtonView = null;
- private TextView mTextView = null;
- private LayoutParams mParams = null;
- public CustomView(Context context)
- {
- super(context);
- }
- public CustomView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs)
- {
- super(context, attrs);
- TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
- R.styleable.custom_view);
- mSrc = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.custom_view_src);
- mBackground = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.custom_view_background);
- mText = a.getString(R.styleable.custom_view_text);
- mTextColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.custom_view_textColor,
- Color.WHITE);
- mTextSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.custom_view_textSize, 20);
- mCustomId = a.getInt(R.styleable.custom_view_custom_id, 0);
- mTextView = new TextView(context);
- mTextView.setTextSize(mTextSize);
- mTextView.setTextColor(mTextColor);
- mTextView.setText(mText);
- mTextView.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
- mTextView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
- LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));
- mButtonView = new ImageButton(context);
- mButtonView.setImageDrawable(mSrc);
- mButtonView.setBackgroundDrawable(null);
- mButtonView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
- LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));
- mButtonView.setOnClickListener(this);
- mBackgroundView = new ImageView(context);
- mBackgroundView.setImageDrawable(mBackground);
- mBackgroundView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(
- LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));
- addView(mBackgroundView);
- addView(mButtonView);
- addView(mTextView);
- this.setOnClickListener(this);
- a.recycle();
- }
- @Override
- protected void onAttachedToWindow()
- {
- super.onAttachedToWindow();
- mParams = (LayoutParams) mButtonView.getLayoutParams();
- if (mParams != null)
- {
- mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.TOP;
- mButtonView.setLayoutParams(mParams);
- }
- mParams = (LayoutParams) mBackgroundView.getLayoutParams();
- if (mParams != null)
- {
- mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.TOP;
- mBackgroundView.setLayoutParams(mParams);
- }
- mParams = (LayoutParams) mTextView.getLayoutParams();
- if (mParams != null)
- {
- mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.BOTTOM;
- mTextView.setLayoutParams(mParams);
- }
- }
- public void setCustomListener(CustomListener l)
- {
- customListener = l;
- }
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v)
- {
- if (customListener != null)
- {
- customListener.onCuscomClick(v, mCustomId);
- }
- }
- public interface CustomListener
- {
- void onCuscomClick(View v, int custom_id);
- }
- }
3、自定义控件的使用
话不多说,请看代码,main.xml:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- xmlns:nanlus="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.nanlus.custom"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent" >
- <LinearLayout
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
- android:layout_centerVertical="true"
- android:orientation="horizontal" >
- <com.nanlus.custom.CustomView
- android:id="@+id/custom1"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_weight="1"
- nanlus:background="@drawable/background"
- nanlus:custom_id="1"
- nanlus:src="@drawable/style_button"
- nanlus:text="按钮1" >
- </com.nanlus.custom.CustomView>
- </LinearLayout>
- </RelativeLayout>
xmlns:nanlus="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.nanlus.custom"
nanlus为在xml中的前缀,com.nanlus.custom为包名
4、在Activity中,直接上代码
- package com.nanlus.custom;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.widget.ImageButton;
- import android.widget.ImageView;
- import android.widget.TextView;
- import android.widget.Toast;
- import com.nanlus.BaseActivity;
- import com.nanlus.custom.R;
- import com.nanlus.custom.CustomView.CustomListener;
- public class CustomActivity extends BaseActivity implements CustomListener
- {
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
- {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- ((CustomView) this.findViewById(R.id.custom1)).setCustomListener(this);
- }
- @Override
- public void onCuscomClick(View v, int custom_id)
- {
- switch (custom_id)
- {
- case 1:
- Toast.makeText(this, "hello !!!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
- break;
- default:
- break;
- }
- }
- }