mysql安装与配置

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最新推荐文章于 2023-10-17 18:16:51 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/kx0822/article/details/124250795

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本文详细记录了在Linux环境中通过RPM包安装MySQL8.0的过程，包括启用服务、设置开机启动、获取并使用临时密码、修改root密码、授权远程访问及关闭防火墙等步骤。此外，还介绍了MySQL的组成部分、常用工具以及SQL语句类型，强调了关系型数据库中的数据结构模型和关键组件。

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编译安装mysql


[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql80-community-release-el8-3.noarch.rpm
warning: mysql80-community-release-el8-3.noarch.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql80-community-release-el8-3  ################################# [100%]
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Base.repo      mysql-community-source.repo
mysql-community.repo


http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7  打开链接找出5个最新的依赖包然后下载

http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-devel-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm




[root@localhost ~]# wget http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-devel-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
 
下载完之后
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg
mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install *.rpm
打包安装

2.2 mysql配置

#启动mysql并设置开机自动启动
systemctl enable --now mysqld
systemctl status mysqld

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enable>
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htm

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enable>
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2022-04-18 15:51:34 CST; 24>
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 2513 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file>
  Process: 2464 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=ex>
 Main PID: 2516 (mysqld)
    Tasks: 27 (limit: 11175)
   Memory: 284.1M
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─2516 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/ru>

Apr 18 15:51:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL >
Apr 18 15:51:34 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL S>

[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl     //查看端口号 3306
State  Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process 
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:22        0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN 0      80                 *:3306            *:*            
LISTEN 0      128             [::]:22           [::]:*

过滤出mysql的临时密码

[root@localhost ~]# grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-04-18T07:51:31.266173Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ZG3ysv/Iut2N

使用-uroot，输入临时密码进入数据库改密码登陆

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'ZG3ysv/Iut2N'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.37

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 


设置新的密码：大写小写数字字符满足条件
mysql> set password = password('Kexuan0822!');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> 


使用新密码登陆
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Kexuan0822!'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.37 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

/为避免mysql自动升级，这里需要卸载最开始安装的yum源
rpm -e mysql57-community-release

mysql的程序组成

客户端
- mysql：CLI交互式客户端程序
- mysql_secure_installation：安全初始化，强烈建议安装完以后执行此命令
- mysqldump：mysql备份工具
- mysqladmin
服务器端
- mysqld

1mysql工具使用

使用Navicat fo mysql 链接客户端

连不上要关防火墙

给真机ip做一个授权

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pKexuan0822!
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.37 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> GRANT all ON *.* TO 'root'@10.10.10.1 IDENTIFIED BY 'Kexuan0822!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)



关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled

连接成功

mysql工具使用

//查看当前使用的mysql版本

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.37, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper


mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)


//不登录mysql执行sql语句后退出，常用于脚本
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Kexuan0822!' -e 'SHOW DATABASES;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+


不想看到警告
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p -e 'SHOW DATABASES;'
Enter password: 
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

关系型数据库介绍

数据结构模型

数据结构模型主要有：

层次模型
网状结构
关系模型

关系模型：
二维关系：row，column

数据库管理系统：DBMS
关系：Relational，RDBMS

RDBMS专业名词

常见的关系型数据库管理系统：

MySQL：MySQL，MariaDB，Percona-Server
PostgreSQL：简称为pgsql
Oracle
MSSQL

SQL：Structure Query Language，结构化查询语言

约束：constraint，向数据表提供的数据要遵守的限制

主键约束：一个或多个字段的组合，填入的数据必须能在本表中唯一标识本行。且必须提供数据，不能为空（NOT NULL）。
- 一个表只能存在一个
惟一键约束：一个或多个字段的组合，填入的数据必须能在本表中唯一标识本行。允许为空（NULL）
- 一个表可以存在多个
外键约束：一个表中的某字段可填入数据取决于另一个表的主键已有的数据
检查性约束

索引：将表中的一个或多个字段中的数据复制一份另存，并且这些数据需要按特定次序排序存储

1.3 关系型数据库的常见组件

关系型数据库的常见组件有：

数据库：database
表：table，由行（row）和列（column）组成
索引：index
视图：view
用户：user
权限：privilege
存储过程：procedure
存储函数：function
触发器：trigger
事件调度器：event scheduler

1.4 SQL语句

SQL语句有三种类型：

DDL：Data Defination Language，数据定义语言
DML：Data Manipulation Language，数据操纵语言
DCL：Data Control Language，数据控制语言

SQL语句类型	对应操作
DDL	CREATE：创建 DROP：删除 ALTER：修改
DML	INSERT：向表中插入数据 DELETE：删除表中数据 UPDATE：更新表中数据 SELECT：查询表中数据
DCL	GRANT：授权 REVOKE：移除授权