基于Kinect体感器控制的机械臂项目记录

项目介绍

研究生新生开学,偷得两日闲,记录一下本科期间自己参与的一个项目。本f项目是在实验室的人型机器人的基础上进行的创新性开发。硬件部分为Kinect二代体感器,多自由度桌面小型机械臂两部分。软件同样分为两部分。本人主要负责上位机的代码。

上位机代码说明

上位机代码可以分为识别和发送两部分:

  1. 识别部分:调用了Kinect体感器的API进行人体骨架识别并获骨骼点坐标。
  2. 发送部分:该部分使用了蓝牙串口通讯。

1.识别部分

1.1GetPosition.cpp

这部分代码是直接与下位机进行通讯,主要思路是,先对桌面机械臂每舵机进行编号,同时对一条手臂上的关节点与舵机对应。在发送关节角度时,先对计算所得角度的合理性进行判断。通讯格式是以舵机编号开头,后接关节角度,存为字符型数组。

//   
///   
/// @file    GetPosition.cpp    
///   
///  
/// 本文件为获取骨骼坐标并输出角度的实现代码  

/// @author:  KC     
/// @date :   2020/10/27
///   
///   
//  


#include"pch.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<windows.h>
#include<kinect.h>
#include<DirectXMath.h>
#include"SerialPort.h"
#include"kinectJointFilter.h"

using namespace std;
using namespace Sample;
using namespace DirectX;


template <class Interface> //释放指针模板类
inline void SafeRelease(Interface *& pInterfaceToRelease)
{
	if (pInterfaceToRelease)
	{
		pInterfaceToRelease->Release();
		pInterfaceToRelease = NULL;
	}
}

/*角度计算*/
FLOAT Angle(const DirectX::XMVECTOR* vec, JointType jointA, JointType jointB, JointType jointC)
{
	float angle = 0.0f;

	XMVECTOR vBA = XMVectorSubtract(vec[jointB], vec[jointA]);
	XMVECTOR vBC = XMVectorSubtract(vec[jointB], vec[jointC]);

	XMVECTOR vAngle = XMVector3AngleBetweenVectors(vBA, vBC);

	angle = XMVectorGetX(vAngle) * 180.0 * XM_1DIVPI;    // XM_1DIVPI: An optimal representation of 1 / π

	return angle;
}

/*串口发送*/
void PortSend(int flag, int t)
{
	char aa[15] = "#001";
	CSerialPort mySerialPort;
	if (!mySerialPort.InitPort(7))
	{
		cout << "initPort fail !" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "initPort success !" << endl;
	}

	if (!mySerialPort.OpenListenThread())
	{
		cout << "OpenListenThread fail !" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "OpenListenThread success !" << endl;
	}
	if (flag == 1)
	{
		char aa[15] = "#001P";
		aa[5] = (char)('0' + (t / 1000));
		aa[6] = (char)('0' + (t % 1000) / 100);
		aa[7] = (char)('0' + (t % 100) / 10);
		aa[8] = (char)('0' + (t % 10));
		aa[9] = 'T';
		aa[10] = '1';
		aa[11] = '0';
		aa[12] = '0';
		aa[13] = '0';
		aa[14] = '!';
		mySerialPort.WriteData((unsigned char *)&aa, 15);
	}
	else if (flag == 2)
	{
		char aa[15] = "#002P";
		aa[5] = (char)('0' + (t / 1000));
		aa[6] = (char)('0' + (t % 1000) / 100);
		aa[7] = (char)('0' + (t % 100) / 10);
		aa[8] = (char)('0' + (t % 10));
		aa[9] = 'T';
		aa[10] = '1';
		aa[11] = '0';
		aa[12] = '0';
		aa[13] = '0';
		aa[14] = '!';
		mySerialPort.WriteData((unsigned char *)&aa, 15);
	}
	else if (flag == 3)
	{
		char aa[15] = "#003P";
		aa[5] = (char)('0' + (t / 1000));
		aa[6] = (char)('0' + (t % 1000) / 100);
		aa[7] = (char)('0' + (t % 100) / 10);
		aa[8] = (char)('0' + (t % 10));
		aa[9] = 'T';
		aa[10] = '1';
		aa[11] = '0';
		aa[12] = '0';
		aa[13] = '0';
		aa[14] = '!';
		mySerialPort.WriteData((unsigned char *)&aa, 15);
	}
	else if (flag == 4)
	{
		char aa[15] = "#004P";
		aa[5] = (char)('0' + (t / 1000));
		aa[6] = (char)('0' + (t % 1000) / 100);
		aa[7] = (char)('0' + (t % 100) / 10);
		aa[8] = (char)('0' + (t % 10));
		aa[9] = 'T';
		aa[10] = '1';
		aa[11] = '0';
		aa[12] = '0';
		aa[13] = '0';
		aa[14] = '!';
		mySerialPort.WriteData((unsigned char *)&aa, 15);
	}
}

void delay(float x)
{
	LARGE_INTEGER litmp;

	LONGLONG QPart1, QPart2;

	double dfMinus, dfFreq, dfTim;

	QueryPerformanceFrequency(&litmp);

	dfFreq = (double)litmp.QuadPart;// 获得计数器的时钟频率

	QueryPerformanceCounter(&litmp);

	QPart1 = litmp.QuadPart;// 获得初始值

	do
	{
		QueryPerformanceCounter(&litmp);

		QPart2 = litmp.QuadPart;//获得中止值

		dfMinus = (double)(QPart2 - QPart1);

		dfTim = dfMinus / dfFreq;// 获得对应的时间值,单位为秒

	} while (dfTim < x);
}

// output operator for CameraSpacePoint
ostream& operator<<(ostream& rOS, const CameraSpacePoint& rPos)
{
	rOS << "(" << rPos.X << "/" << rPos.Y << "/" << rPos.Z << ")";
	return rOS;
}
// output operator for Vector4
ostream& operator<<(ostream& rOS, const Vector4& rVec)
{
	rOS << "(" << rVec.x << "/" << rVec.y << "/" << rVec.z << "/" << rVec.w << ")";
	return rOS;
}

int main(int argc, char** argv[])
{
	// 1a. Get default Sensor
	cout << "Try to get default sensor" << endl;
	IKinectSensor* pSensor = nullptr;
	if (GetDefaultKinectSensor(&pSensor) != S_OK)
	{
		cerr << "Get Sensor failed" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	// 1b. Open sensor
	cout << "Try to open sensor" << endl;
	if (pSensor->Open() != S_OK)
	{
		cerr << "Can't open sensor" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	// 2a. Get frame source
	cout << "Try to get body source" << endl;
	IBodyFrameSource* pFrameSource = nullptr;
	if (pSensor->get_BodyFrameSource(&pFrameSource) != S_OK)
	{
		cerr << "Can't get body frame source" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	// 2b. Get the number of body
	INT32 iBodyCount = 0;
	if (pFrameSource->get_BodyCount(&iBodyCount) != S_OK)
	{
		cerr << "Can't get body count" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	cout << " > Can trace " << iBodyCount << " bodies" << endl;
	IBody** aBody = new IBody*[iBodyCount];
	for (int i = 0; i < iBodyCount; ++i)
		aBody[i] = nullptr;

	// 3a. get frame reader
	cout << "Try to get body frame reader" << endl;
	IBodyFrameReader* pFrameReader = nullptr;
	if (pFrameSource->OpenReader(&pFrameReader) != S_OK)
	{
		cerr << "Can't get body frame reader" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	/******************************************************************************/
	/*holt双指数滤波器*/
	FilterDoubleExponential filter[BODY_COUNT];

	// 设置平滑参数
	for (int count = 0; count < iBodyCount; count++)
	{
		float smoothing = 0.25f;          // [0..1], lower values closer to raw data
		float correction = 0.25f;         // [0..1], lower values slower to correct towards the raw data
		float prediction = 0.25f;         // [0..n], the number of frames to predict into the future
		float jitterRadius = 0.03f;       // The radius in meters for jitter reduction
		float maxDeviationRadius = 0.05f; // The maximum radius in meters that filtered positions are allowed to deviate from raw data

		filter[count].Init(smoothing, correction, prediction, jitterRadius, maxDeviationRadius);
	}

	// 2b. release Frame source
	cout << "Release frame source" << endl;
	SafeRelease(pFrameSource);

	// Enter main loop
	int iStep = 0;
	while (iStep < 10000)
	{
		// 4a. Get last frame
		IBodyFrame* pFrame = nullptr;
		if (pFrameReader->AcquireLatestFrame(&pFrame) == S_OK)
		{
			++iStep;

			// 4b. get Body data
			if (pFrame->GetAndRefreshBodyData(iBodyCount, aBody) == S_OK)
			{
				int iTrackedBodyCount = 0;

				// 4c. for each body
				for (int i = 0; i < iBodyCount; i++)
				{
					IBody* pBody = aBody[i];

					// check if is tracked
					BOOLEAN bTracked = false;
					if ((pBody->get_IsTracked(&bTracked) == S_OK) && bTracked)
					{
						++iTrackedBodyCount;
						cout << "User " << i << " is under tracking" << endl;

						// get joint position
						Joint aJoints[JointType::JointType_Count];
						if (pBody->GetJoints(JointType::JointType_Count, aJoints) != S_OK)
						{
							cerr << "Get joints fail" << endl;
						}

						// get joint orientation
						JointOrientation aOrientations[JointType::JointType_Count];
						if (pBody->GetJointOrientations(JointType::JointType_Count, aOrientations) != S_OK)
						{
							cerr << "Get joints fail" << endl;
						}

						// 滤波接口
						filter[i].Update(aJoints);
						const DirectX::XMVECTOR* vec_1 = filter[i].GetFilteredJoints();//肘关节角度
						const DirectX::XMVECTOR* vec_2 = filter[i].GetFilteredJoints();//肩关节角度
						const DirectX::XMVECTOR* vec_3 = filter[i].GetFilteredJoints();//右手平动角

						//输出坐标
						/*右腕*/
						JointType WristRightJointType = JointType::JointType_WristRight;
						const Joint& WristRightJointPos = aJoints[WristRightJointType];
						const JointOrientation& WristRightJointOri = aOrientations[WristRightJointType];
						cout << " > WristRight is ";
						if (WristRightJointPos.TrackingState == TrackingState_NotTracked)
						{
							cout << "not tracked" << endl;
						}
						if (WristRightJointPos.TrackingState == TrackingState_NotTracked)
						{
							cout << "not tracked" << endl;
						}
						else
						{
							if (WristRightJointPos.TrackingState == TrackingState_Inferred)
							{
								cout << "inferred ";
							}
							else if (WristRightJointPos.TrackingState == TrackingState_Tracked)
							{
								cout << "tracked ";
							}
							cout << "at" << WristRightJointPos.Position << endl;
						}

						/*右肩*/
						JointType ShoulderRightJointType = JointType::JointType_ShoulderRight;
						const Joint& ShoulderRightJointPos = aJoints[ShoulderRightJointType];
						const JointOrientation& ShoulderRightJointOri = aOrientations[ShoulderRightJointType];

						cout << " > ShoulderRight is ";
						if (ShoulderRightJointPos.TrackingState == TrackingState_NotTracked)
						{
							cout << "not tracked" << endl;
						}

						if (ShoulderRightJointPos.TrackingState == TrackingState_NotTracked)
						{
							cout << "not tracked" << endl;
						}

						else
						{
							if (ShoulderRightJointPos.TrackingState == TrackingState_Inferred)
							{
								cout << "inferred ";
							}
							else if (ShoulderRightJointPos.TrackingState == TrackingState_Tracked)
							{
								cout << "tracked ";
							}

							cout << "at " << ShoulderRightJointPos.Position << endl;
						}
						/*右肘*/
						JointType ElbowRightJointType = JointType::JointType_ElbowRight;
						const Joint& ElbowRightJointPos = aJoints[ElbowRightJointType];
						const JointOrientation& ElbowRightJointOri = aOrientations[ElbowRightJointType];

						cout << " > ElbowRight is ";
						if (ElbowRightJointPos.TrackingState == TrackingState_NotTracked)
						{
							cout << "not tracked" << endl;
						}

						if (ElbowRightJointPos.TrackingState == TrackingState_NotTracked)
						{
							cout << "not tracked" << endl;
						}

						else
						{
							if (ElbowRightJointPos.TrackingState == TrackingState_Inferred)
							{
								cout << "inferred ";
							}
							else if (ElbowRightJointPos.TrackingState == TrackingState_Tracked)
							{
								cout << "tracked ";
							}

							cout << "at " << ElbowRightJointPos.Position << endl;
						}	

						/*左肘*/
						JointType ElbowLeftightJointType = JointType::JointType_ElbowLeft;
						const Joint& ElbowLeftJointPos = aJoints[ElbowLeftightJointType];
						const JointOrientation& ElbowLeftJointOri = aOrientations[ElbowLeftightJointType];

						cout << " > ElbowLeft is ";
						if (ElbowLeftJointPos.TrackingState == TrackingState_NotTracked)
						{
							cout << "not tracked" << endl;
						}

						if (ElbowLeftJointPos.TrackingState == TrackingState_NotTracked)
						{
							cout << "not tracked" << endl;
						}

						else
						{
							if (ElbowLeftJointPos.TrackingState == TrackingState_Inferred)
							{
								cout << "inferred ";
							}
							else if (ElbowLeftJointPos.TrackingState == TrackingState_Tracked)
							{
								cout << "tracked ";
							}

							cout << "at " << ElbowLeftJointPos.Position << endl;
						}

						/*左肩*/
						JointType ShoulderLeftJointType = JointType::JointType_ShoulderRight;
						const Joint& ShoulderLeftJointPos = aJoints[ShoulderLeftJointType];
						const JointOrientation& ShoulderLeftJointOri = aOrientations[ShoulderLeftJointType];

						cout << " > ShoulderRight is ";
						if (ShoulderLeftJointPos.TrackingState == TrackingState_NotTracked)
						{
							cout << "not tracked" << endl;
						}

						if (ShoulderLeftJointPos.TrackingState == TrackingState_NotTracked)
						{
							cout << "not tracked" << endl;
						}

						else
						{
							if (ShoulderLeftJointPos.TrackingState == TrackingState_Inferred)
							{
								cout << "inferred ";
							}
							else if (ShoulderLeftJointPos.TrackingState == TrackingState_Tracked)
							{
								cout << "tracked ";
							}

							cout << "at " << ShoulderLeftJointPos.Position << endl;
						}


						/*计算角度*/
						/*肘*/
						int AngleForRightElbow = Angle(vec_1, JointType_WristRight, JointType_ElbowRight, JointType_ShoulderRight);
						/*肩*/
						int AngleForRightShoulder = Angle(vec_2, JointType_ElbowRight, JointType_ShoulderRight, JointType_ShoulderLeft);
						/*右手平动*/
						int Angle1_3 = Angle(vec_3, JointType_ElbowLeft, JointType_ShoulderLeft, JointType_ShoulderRight);


						/*显示与发送*/
						int P = 0;
						if ((AngleForRightElbow) && (AngleForRightElbow <= 180))
						{
							P = AngleForRightElbow * 11.1;
							P = P + 500;
							cout << "右手肘的角度:" << AngleForRightElbow << endl;
							cout << "对应舵机参数:" << P << endl;
							PortSend(3, P);
							Sleep(50);
							P = 0;
						}
						if ((AngleForRightShoulder) && (AngleForRightShoulder <= 180))
						{
							P = AngleForRightShoulder * 11.1;
							P = P + 500;
							cout << "右肩膀的角度:" << AngleForRightShoulder << endl;
							cout << "对应舵机参数:" << P << endl;
							PortSend(2, P);
							Sleep(50);
							P = 0;
						}
						if ((Angle1_3) && (Angle1_3 <= 180))
						{
							P = Angle1_3 * 11.1;
							P = P + 500;
							cout << "左手平动的角度:" << Angle1_3 << endl;
							cout << "对应舵机参数:" << P << endl;
							PortSend(1, P);
							Sleep(80);
							P = 0;
						}
					}
				}
				if (iTrackedBodyCount > 0)
					cout << "Total " << iTrackedBodyCount << " bodies in this time\n" << endl;
			}
			else
			{
				cerr << "Can't read body data" << endl;
			}
			// 4e. release frame
			SafeRelease(pFrame);
		}

	}
	// delete body data array
	delete[] aBody;

	// 3b. release frame reader
	cout << "Release frame reader" << endl;
	SafeRelease(pFrameReader);


	// 1c. Close Sensor
	cout << "close sensor" << endl;
	pSensor->Close();

	// 1d. Release Sensor
	cout << "Release sensor" << endl;
	SafeRelease(pSensor);

	return 0;
}

1.2 KinetJiointFilter.cpp

对骨骼点的坐标进行平滑滤波,减少出现数据急剧变化的情况。


#include "pch.h"
#include "KinectJointFilter.h"

using namespace Sample;
using namespace DirectX;

/* 两个浮点间的线性插值*/
inline FLOAT Lerp(FLOAT f1, FLOAT f2, FLOAT fBlend)
{
	return f1 + (f2 - f1) * fBlend;
}


// if joint is 0 it is not valid.
inline BOOL JointPositionIsValid(XMVECTOR vJointPosition)
{
	return (XMVectorGetX(vJointPosition) != 0.0f ||
		XMVectorGetY(vJointPosition) != 0.0f ||
		XMVectorGetZ(vJointPosition) != 0.0f);
}
/* Holt双指数平滑滤波器的实现双指数*/

void FilterDoubleExponential::Update(IBody* const pBody)
{
	assert(pBody);

	// Check for divide by zero. Use an epsilon of a 10th of a millimeter
	m_fJitterRadius = XMMax(0.0001f, m_fJitterRadius);

	TRANSFORM_SMOOTH_PARAMETERS SmoothingParams;

	UINT jointCapacity = 0;
	Joint joints[JointType_Count];

	pBody->GetJoints(jointCapacity, joints);
	for (INT i = 0; i < JointType_Count; i++)
	{
		SmoothingParams.fSmoothing = m_fSmoothing;
		SmoothingParams.fCorrection = m_fCorrection;
		SmoothingParams.fPrediction = m_fPrediction;
		SmoothingParams.fJitterRadius = m_fJitterRadius;
		SmoothingParams.fMaxDeviationRadius = m_fMaxDeviationRadius;

		// If inferred, we smooth a bit more by using a bigger jitter radius
		Joint joint = joints[i];
		if (joint.TrackingState == TrackingState::TrackingState_Inferred)
		{
			SmoothingParams.fJitterRadius *= 2.0f;
			SmoothingParams.fMaxDeviationRadius *= 2.0f;
		}

		Update(joints, i, SmoothingParams);
	}
}

void FilterDoubleExponential::Update(Joint joints[])
{
	// Check for divide by zero. Use an epsilon of a 10th of a millimeter
	m_fJitterRadius = XMMax(0.0001f, m_fJitterRadius);

	TRANSFORM_SMOOTH_PARAMETERS SmoothingParams;
	for (INT i = 0; i < JointType_Count; i++)
	{
		SmoothingParams.fSmoothing = m_fSmoothing;
		SmoothingParams.fCorrection = m_fCorrection;
		SmoothingParams.fPrediction = m_fPrediction;
		SmoothingParams.fJitterRadius = m_fJitterRadius;
		SmoothingParams.fMaxDeviationRadius = m_fMaxDeviationRadius;

		// If inferred, we smooth a bit more by using a bigger jitter radius
		Joint joint = joints[i];
		if (joint.TrackingState == TrackingState::TrackingState_Inferred)
		{
			SmoothingParams.fJitterRadius *= 2.0f;
			SmoothingParams.fMaxDeviationRadius *= 2.0f;
		}

		Update(joints, i, SmoothingParams);
	}

}

void FilterDoubleExponential::Update(Joint joints[], UINT JointID, TRANSFORM_SMOOTH_PARAMETERS smoothingParams)
{
	XMVECTOR vPrevRawPosition;
	XMVECTOR vPrevFilteredPosition;
	XMVECTOR vPrevTrend;
	XMVECTOR vRawPosition;
	XMVECTOR vFilteredPosition;
	XMVECTOR vPredictedPosition;
	XMVECTOR vDiff;
	XMVECTOR vTrend;
	XMVECTOR vLength;
	FLOAT fDiff;
	BOOL bJointIsValid;

	const Joint joint = joints[JointID];

	vRawPosition = XMVectorSet(joint.Position.X, joint.Position.Y, joint.Position.Z, 0.0f);
	vPrevFilteredPosition = m_pHistory[JointID].m_vFilteredPosition;
	vPrevTrend = m_pHistory[JointID].m_vTrend;
	vPrevRawPosition = m_pHistory[JointID].m_vRawPosition;
	bJointIsValid = JointPositionIsValid(vRawPosition);

	// If joint is invalid, reset the filter
	if (!bJointIsValid)
	{
		m_pHistory[JointID].m_dwFrameCount = 0;
	}

	// Initial start values
	if (m_pHistory[JointID].m_dwFrameCount == 0)
	{
		vFilteredPosition = vRawPosition;
		vTrend = XMVectorZero();
		m_pHistory[JointID].m_dwFrameCount++;
	}
	else if (m_pHistory[JointID].m_dwFrameCount == 1)
	{
		vFilteredPosition = XMVectorScale(XMVectorAdd(vRawPosition, vPrevRawPosition), 0.5f);
		vDiff = XMVectorSubtract(vFilteredPosition, vPrevFilteredPosition);
		vTrend = XMVectorAdd(XMVectorScale(vDiff, smoothingParams.fCorrection), XMVectorScale(vPrevTrend, 1.0f - smoothingParams.fCorrection));
		m_pHistory[JointID].m_dwFrameCount++;
	}
	else
	{
		// First apply jitter filter
		vDiff = XMVectorSubtract(vRawPosition, vPrevFilteredPosition);
		vLength = XMVector3Length(vDiff);
		fDiff = fabs(XMVectorGetX(vLength));

		if (fDiff <= smoothingParams.fJitterRadius)
		{
			vFilteredPosition = XMVectorAdd(XMVectorScale(vRawPosition, fDiff / smoothingParams.fJitterRadius),
				XMVectorScale(vPrevFilteredPosition, 1.0f - fDiff / smoothingParams.fJitterRadius));
		}
		else
		{
			vFilteredPosition = vRawPosition;
		}

		// Now the double exponential smoothing filter
		vFilteredPosition = XMVectorAdd(XMVectorScale(vFilteredPosition, 1.0f - smoothingParams.fSmoothing),
			XMVectorScale(XMVectorAdd(vPrevFilteredPosition, vPrevTrend), smoothingParams.fSmoothing));


		vDiff = XMVectorSubtract(vFilteredPosition, vPrevFilteredPosition);
		vTrend = XMVectorAdd(XMVectorScale(vDiff, smoothingParams.fCorrection), XMVectorScale(vPrevTrend, 1.0f - smoothingParams.fCorrection));
	}

	// Predict into the future to reduce latency
	vPredictedPosition = XMVectorAdd(vFilteredPosition, XMVectorScale(vTrend, smoothingParams.fPrediction));

	// Check that we are not too far away from raw data
	vDiff = XMVectorSubtract(vPredictedPosition, vRawPosition);
	vLength = XMVector3Length(vDiff);
	fDiff = fabs(XMVectorGetX(vLength));

	if (fDiff > smoothingParams.fMaxDeviationRadius)
	{
		vPredictedPosition = XMVectorAdd(XMVectorScale(vPredictedPosition, smoothingParams.fMaxDeviationRadius / fDiff),
			XMVectorScale(vRawPosition, 1.0f - smoothingParams.fMaxDeviationRadius / fDiff));
	}

	// Save the data from this frame
	m_pHistory[JointID].m_vRawPosition = vRawPosition;
	m_pHistory[JointID].m_vFilteredPosition = vFilteredPosition;
	m_pHistory[JointID].m_vTrend = vTrend;

	// Output the data
	m_pFilteredJoints[JointID] = vPredictedPosition;
	m_pFilteredJoints[JointID] = XMVectorSetW(m_pFilteredJoints[JointID], 1.0f);
}

1.3

这里是使用了别人的串并口通信类(作者信息见代码块)

//  
/// COPYRIGHT NOTICE  
/// Copyright (c) 2009, 华中科技大学tickTick Group  (版权声明)  
/// All rights reserved.  
///   
/// @file    SerialPort.cpp    
/// @brief   串口通信类的实现文件  
///  
/// 本文件为串口通信类的实现代码  
///  
/// @version 1.0     
/// @author  卢俊    
/// @E-mail:lujun.hust@gmail.com  
/// @date    2010/03/19  
///   
///  
///  修订说明:  
//  


#include "pch.h"
#include "SerialPort.h"  
#include <process.h>  
#include <iostream>  

/** 线程退出标志 */
bool CSerialPort::s_bExit = false;
/** 当串口无数据时,sleep至下次查询间隔的时间,单位:秒 */
const UINT SLEEP_TIME_INTERVAL = 5;

CSerialPort::CSerialPort(void)
	: m_hListenThread(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
	m_hComm = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
	m_hListenThread = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;

	InitializeCriticalSection(&m_csCommunicationSync);
	//std::cout << "Hello World1";
}

CSerialPort::~CSerialPort(void)
{
	CloseListenTread();
	ClosePort();
	DeleteCriticalSection(&m_csCommunicationSync);
	//std::cout << "Hello World2";
}

bool CSerialPort::InitPort(UINT portNo/*= 1*/, UINT baud /*= CBR_9600*/, char parity /*= 'N'*/,
	UINT databits /*= 8*/, UINT stopsbits/*= 1*/, DWORD dwCommEvents /*= EV_RXCHAR*/)
{
	
	/** 临时变量,将制定参数转化为字符串形式,以构造DCB结构 */
	char szDCBparam[50];
	sprintf_s(szDCBparam, "baud=%d parity=%c data=%d stop=%d", baud, parity, databits, stopsbits);
	
	/** 打开指定串口,该函数内部已经有临界区保护,上面请不要加保护 */
	if (!openPort(portNo))
	{
		return false;
	}

	/** 进入临界段 */
	EnterCriticalSection(&m_csCommunicationSync);

	/** 是否有错误发生 */
	BOOL bIsSuccess = TRUE;

	/** 在此可以设置输入输出的缓冲区大小,如果不设置,则系统会设置默认值.
	*  自己设置缓冲区大小时,要注意设置稍大一些,避免缓冲区溢出
	*/
	/*if (bIsSuccess )
	{
	bIsSuccess = SetupComm(m_hComm,10,10);
	}*/

	/** 设置串口的超时时间,均设为0,表示不使用超时限制 */
	COMMTIMEOUTS  CommTimeouts;
	CommTimeouts.ReadIntervalTimeout = 0;
	CommTimeouts.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 0;
	CommTimeouts.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant = 0;
	CommTimeouts.WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 0;
	CommTimeouts.WriteTotalTimeoutConstant = 0;
	if (bIsSuccess)
	{
		bIsSuccess = SetCommTimeouts(m_hComm, &CommTimeouts);
	}

	DCB  dcb;
	if (bIsSuccess)
	{
		// 将ANSI字符串转换为UNICODE字符串  
		DWORD dwNum = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, szDCBparam, -1, NULL, 0);
		wchar_t *pwText = new wchar_t[dwNum];
		if (!MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, szDCBparam, -1, pwText, dwNum))
		{
			bIsSuccess = TRUE;
		}

		/** 获取当前串口配置参数,并且构造串口DCB参数 */
		bIsSuccess = GetCommState(m_hComm, &dcb) && BuildCommDCB(pwText, &dcb);
		/** 开启RTS flow控制 */
		dcb.fRtsControl = RTS_CONTROL_ENABLE;

		/** 释放内存空间 */
		delete[] pwText;
	}

	if (bIsSuccess)
	{
		/** 使用DCB参数配置串口状态 */
		bIsSuccess = SetCommState(m_hComm, &dcb);
	}

	/**  清空串口缓冲区 */
	PurgeComm(m_hComm, PURGE_RXCLEAR | PURGE_TXCLEAR | PURGE_RXABORT | PURGE_TXABORT);
	/** 离开临界段 */
	LeaveCriticalSection(&m_csCommunicationSync);
//std::cout << "Hello World";

	return bIsSuccess == TRUE;
	
	
}

bool CSerialPort::InitPort(UINT portNo, const LPDCB& plDCB)
{
	/** 打开指定串口,该函数内部已经有临界区保护,上面请不要加保护 */
	if (!openPort(portNo))
	{
		return false;
	}

	/** 进入临界段 */
	EnterCriticalSection(&m_csCommunicationSync);

	/** 配置串口参数 */
	if (!SetCommState(m_hComm, plDCB))
	{
		return false;
	}

	/**  清空串口缓冲区 */
	PurgeComm(m_hComm, PURGE_RXCLEAR | PURGE_TXCLEAR | PURGE_RXABORT | PURGE_TXABORT);

	/** 离开临界段 */
	LeaveCriticalSection(&m_csCommunicationSync);

	return true;
}

void CSerialPort::ClosePort()
{
	/** 如果有串口被打开,关闭它 */
	if (m_hComm != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		CloseHandle(m_hComm);
		m_hComm = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
	}
}

bool CSerialPort::openPort(UINT portNo)
{
	/** 进入临界段 */
	EnterCriticalSection(&m_csCommunicationSync);

	/** 把串口的编号转换为设备名 */
	char szPort[50];
	sprintf_s(szPort, "COM%d", portNo);

	/** 打开指定的串口 */
	m_hComm = CreateFileA(szPort,  /** 设备名,COM1,COM2等 */
		GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, /** 访问模式,可同时读写 */
		0,                            /** 共享模式,0表示不共享 */
		NULL,                         /** 安全性设置,一般使用NULL */
		OPEN_EXISTING,                /** 该参数表示设备必须存在,否则创建失败 */
		0,
		0);

	/** 如果打开失败,释放资源并返回 */
	if (m_hComm == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		LeaveCriticalSection(&m_csCommunicationSync);
		return false;
	}

	/** 退出临界区 */
	LeaveCriticalSection(&m_csCommunicationSync);

	return true;
}

bool CSerialPort::OpenListenThread()
{
	/** 检测线程是否已经开启了 */
	if (m_hListenThread != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		/** 线程已经开启 */
		return false;
	}

	s_bExit = false;
	/** 线程ID */
	UINT threadId;
	/** 开启串口数据监听线程 */
	m_hListenThread = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, ListenThread, this, 0, &threadId);
	if (!m_hListenThread)
	{
		return false;
	}
	/** 设置线程的优先级,高于普通线程 */
	if (!SetThreadPriority(m_hListenThread, THREAD_PRIORITY_ABOVE_NORMAL))
	{
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}

bool CSerialPort::CloseListenTread()
{
	if (m_hListenThread != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		/** 通知线程退出 */
		s_bExit = true;

		/** 等待线程退出 */
		Sleep(10);

		/** 置线程句柄无效 */
		CloseHandle(m_hListenThread);
		m_hListenThread = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
	}
	return true;
}

UINT CSerialPort::GetBytesInCOM()
{
	DWORD dwError = 0;  /** 错误码 */
	COMSTAT  comstat;   /** COMSTAT结构体,记录通信设备的状态信息 */
	memset(&comstat, 0, sizeof(COMSTAT));

	UINT BytesInQue = 0;
	/** 在调用ReadFile和WriteFile之前,通过本函数清除以前遗留的错误标志 */
	if (ClearCommError(m_hComm, &dwError, &comstat))
	{
		BytesInQue = comstat.cbInQue; /** 获取在输入缓冲区中的字节数 */
	}

	return BytesInQue;
}

UINT WINAPI CSerialPort::ListenThread(void* pParam)
{
	/** 得到本类的指针 */
	CSerialPort *pSerialPort = reinterpret_cast<CSerialPort*>(pParam);

	// 线程循环,轮询方式读取串口数据  
	while (!pSerialPort->s_bExit)
	{
		UINT BytesInQue = pSerialPort->GetBytesInCOM();
		/** 如果串口输入缓冲区中无数据,则休息一会再查询 */
		if (BytesInQue == 0)
		{
			Sleep(SLEEP_TIME_INTERVAL);
			continue;
		}

		/** 读取输入缓冲区中的数据并输出显示 */
		char cRecved = 0x00;
		do
		{
			cRecved = 0x00;
			if (pSerialPort->ReadChar(cRecved) == true)
			{
				std::cout << cRecved;
				continue;
			}
		} while (--BytesInQue);
	}

	return 0;
}

bool CSerialPort::ReadChar(char &cRecved)
{
	BOOL  bResult = TRUE;
	DWORD BytesRead = 0;
	if (m_hComm == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		return false;
	}

	/** 临界区保护 */
	EnterCriticalSection(&m_csCommunicationSync);

	/** 从缓冲区读取一个字节的数据 */
	bResult = ReadFile(m_hComm, &cRecved, 1, &BytesRead, NULL);
	if ((!bResult))
	{
		/** 获取错误码,可以根据该错误码查出错误原因 */
		DWORD dwError = GetLastError();

		/** 清空串口缓冲区 */
		PurgeComm(m_hComm, PURGE_RXCLEAR | PURGE_RXABORT);
		LeaveCriticalSection(&m_csCommunicationSync);

		return false;
	}

	/** 离开临界区 */
	LeaveCriticalSection(&m_csCommunicationSync);

	return (BytesRead == 1);

}

bool CSerialPort::WriteData(unsigned char* pData, unsigned int length)
{
	BOOL   bResult = TRUE;
	DWORD  BytesToSend = 0;
	if (m_hComm == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		return false;
	}

	/** 临界区保护 */
	EnterCriticalSection(&m_csCommunicationSync);

	/** 向缓冲区写入指定量的数据 */
	bResult = WriteFile(m_hComm, pData, length, &BytesToSend, NULL);
	if (!bResult)
	{
		DWORD dwError = GetLastError();
		/** 清空串口缓冲区 */
		PurgeComm(m_hComm, PURGE_RXCLEAR | PURGE_RXABORT);
		LeaveCriticalSection(&m_csCommunicationSync);

		return false;
	}

	/** 离开临界区 */
	LeaveCriticalSection(&m_csCommunicationSync);

	return true;
}

1.4 SerialPort.h


#ifndef SERIALPORT_H_  
#define SERIALPORT_H_  

#include <Windows.h>  

/** 串口通信类
*
*  本类实现了对串口的基本操作
*  例如监听发到指定串口的数据、发送指定数据到串口
*/
class CSerialPort
{
public:
	CSerialPort(void);
	~CSerialPort(void);

public:

	/** 初始化串口函数
	*
	*  @param:  UINT portNo 串口编号,默认值为1,即COM1,注意,尽量不要大于9
	*  @param:  UINT baud   波特率,默认为9600
	*  @param:  char parity 是否进行奇偶校验,'Y'表示需要奇偶校验,'N'表示不需要奇偶校验
	*  @param:  UINT databits 数据位的个数,默认值为8个数据位
	*  @param:  UINT stopsbits 停止位使用格式,默认值为1
	*  @param:  DWORD dwCommEvents 默认为EV_RXCHAR,即只要收发任意一个字符,则产生一个事件
	*  @return: bool  初始化是否成功
	*  @note:   在使用其他本类提供的函数前,请先调用本函数进行串口的初始化
	*        /n本函数提供了一些常用的串口参数设置,若需要自行设置详细的DCB参数,可使用重载函数
	*           /n本串口类析构时会自动关闭串口,无需额外执行关闭串口
	*  @see:
	*/
	bool InitPort(UINT  portNo = 1, UINT  baud = CBR_9600, char  parity = 'N', UINT  databits = 8, UINT  stopsbits = 1, DWORD dwCommEvents = EV_RXCHAR);

	/** 串口初始化函数
	*
	*  本函数提供直接根据DCB参数设置串口参数
	*  @param:  UINT portNo
	*  @param:  const LPDCB & plDCB
	*  @return: bool  初始化是否成功
	*  @note:   本函数提供用户自定义地串口初始化参数
	*  @see:
	*/
	bool InitPort(UINT  portNo, const LPDCB& plDCB);

	/** 开启监听线程
	*
	*  本监听线程完成对串口数据的监听,并将接收到的数据打印到屏幕输出
	*  @return: bool  操作是否成功
	*  @note:   当线程已经处于开启状态时,返回flase
	*  @see:
	*/
	bool OpenListenThread();

	/** 关闭监听线程
	*
	*
	*  @return: bool  操作是否成功
	*  @note:   调用本函数后,监听串口的线程将会被关闭
	*  @see:
	*/
	bool CloseListenTread();

	/** 向串口写数据
	*
	*  将缓冲区中的数据写入到串口
	*  @param:  unsigned char * pData 指向需要写入串口的数据缓冲区
	*  @param:  unsigned int length 需要写入的数据长度
	*  @return: bool  操作是否成功
	*  @note:   length不要大于pData所指向缓冲区的大小
	*  @see:
	*/
	bool WriteData(unsigned char* pData, unsigned int length);

	/** 获取串口缓冲区中的字节数
	*
	*
	*  @return: UINT  操作是否成功
	*  @note:   当串口缓冲区中无数据时,返回0
	*  @see:
	*/
	UINT GetBytesInCOM();

	/** 读取串口接收缓冲区中一个字节的数据
	*
	*
	*  @param:  char & cRecved 存放读取数据的字符变量
	*  @return: bool  读取是否成功
	*  @note:
	*  @see:
	*/
	bool ReadChar(char &cRecved);

private:

	/** 打开串口
	*
	*
	*  @param:  UINT portNo 串口设备号
	*  @return: bool  打开是否成功
	*  @note:
	*  @see:
	*/
	bool openPort(UINT  portNo);

	/** 关闭串口
	*
	*
	*  @return: void  操作是否成功
	*  @note:
	*  @see:
	*/
	void ClosePort();

	/** 串口监听线程
	*
	*  监听来自串口的数据和信息
	*  @param:  void * pParam 线程参数
	*  @return: UINT WINAPI 线程返回值
	*  @note:
	*  @see:
	*/
	static UINT WINAPI ListenThread(void* pParam);

private:

	/** 串口句柄 */
	HANDLE  m_hComm;

	/** 线程退出标志变量 */
	static bool s_bExit;

	/** 线程句柄 */
	volatile HANDLE    m_hListenThread;

	/** 同步互斥,临界区保护 */
	CRITICAL_SECTION   m_csCommunicationSync;       //!< 互斥操作串口  

};

#endif //SERIALPORT_H_ #pragma once

1.5 kinectJointFilter.h

/*双指数平滑滤波*/
#pragma once

#include<windows.h>
#include<kinect.h>
#include<DirectXmath.h>   //图形应用程序数学库
#include<queue>          //队列

namespace Sample
{
	typedef struct _TRANSFORM_SMOOTH_PARAMETERS
	{
		FLOAT fSmoothing;  /*越低与越接近原始数据*/
		FLOAT fCorrection; /*平滑参数,设置处理骨骼数据帧时的平滑量。值越大,平滑的越多,0表示不进行平滑;*/
		FLOAT fPrediction; /*预测超前期数,增大该值能减小滤波的延迟,但是会对突然的运动更敏感,容易造成过冲*/
		FLOAT fJitterRadius;/*抖动半径参数,设置修正的半径.如果关节点“抖动”超过了设置的这个半径,将会被纠正到这个半径之内*/
		FLOAT fMaxDeviationRadius;/*最大偏离半径参数,用来和抖动半径一起来设置抖动半径的最大边界*/
	}TRANSFORM_SMOOTH_PARAMETERS;

	// 霍尔特双指数平滑滤波器
	class FilterDoubleExponentialData
	{
	public:
		DirectX::XMVECTOR m_vRawPosition;
		DirectX::XMVECTOR m_vFilteredPosition;
		DirectX::XMVECTOR m_vTrend;
		DWORD    m_dwFrameCount;
	};

	class FilterDoubleExponential
	{
	public:
		FilterDoubleExponential() { Init(); }
		~FilterDoubleExponential() { Shutdown(); }

		void Init(FLOAT fSmoothing = 0.25f, FLOAT fCorrection = 0.25f, FLOAT fPrediction = 0.25f, FLOAT fJitterRadius = 0.03f, FLOAT fMaxDeviationRadius = 0.05f)
		{
			Reset(fSmoothing, fCorrection, fPrediction, fJitterRadius, fMaxDeviationRadius);
		}

		void Shutdown()
		{
		}

		void Reset(FLOAT fSmoothing = 0.25f, FLOAT fCorrection = 0.25f, FLOAT fPrediction = 0.25f, FLOAT fJitterRadius = 0.03f, FLOAT fMaxDeviationRadius = 0.05f)
		{
			assert(m_pFilteredJoints);
			assert(m_pHistory);

			m_fMaxDeviationRadius = fMaxDeviationRadius; // 最大预测半径的大小在过高时可以恢复到有噪声的数据
			m_fSmoothing = fSmoothing;                   // 平滑程度,过高会有明显延迟
			m_fCorrection = fCorrection;                 // 从预测中修正
			m_fPrediction = fPrediction;                 // 预测未来使用的数量。过高时过冲
			m_fJitterRadius = fJitterRadius;             // 消除抖动的半径的大小。过多的平滑会过高

			memset(m_pFilteredJoints, 0, sizeof(DirectX::XMVECTOR) * JointType_Count);
			memset(m_pHistory, 0, sizeof(FilterDoubleExponentialData) * JointType_Count);
		}

		void Update(IBody* const pBody);
		void Update(Joint joints[]);

		inline const DirectX::XMVECTOR* GetFilteredJoints() const { return &m_pFilteredJoints[0]; }

	private:
		DirectX::XMVECTOR m_pFilteredJoints[JointType_Count];
		FilterDoubleExponentialData m_pHistory[JointType_Count];
		FLOAT m_fSmoothing;
		FLOAT m_fCorrection;
		FLOAT m_fPrediction;
		FLOAT m_fJitterRadius;
		FLOAT m_fMaxDeviationRadius;

		void Update(Joint joints[], UINT JointID, TRANSFORM_SMOOTH_PARAMETERS smoothingParams);
	};
}

最后

上位机代码全部完成,cpp文件与h文件对应使用。最终效果实现简单的随动。

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手势控制是一种新兴的交互方式,结合Kinect和Arduino可以实现机械臂的手势控制。 首先,我们需要使用Kinect感器来捕捉用户的手势。Kinect可以通过深度摄像头、RGB摄像头和红外线发射器来识别用户的身姿势和动作。通过对Kinect SDK的编程,我们可以提取用户的手的位置和动作,包括抓取、放开、旋转等。 其次,我们将使用Arduino控制机械臂的运动。Arduino是一种开放源码的硬件平台,可以编程控制各种电子硬件设备。通过连接Kinect和Arduino,我们可以将用户的手势与机械臂的运动进行关联。我们可以将机械臂的动作编程为对应不同手势的响应,并通过Arduino控制电机和传感器来实现运动。 在项目开发过程中,我们需要先进行硬件的连接和搭建。将Kinect连接到电脑或主控设备,通过Arduino连接机械臂和电机。接下来,我们需要开发软件,使用Kinect SDK和Arduino IDE编程工具。通过编写代码来识别用户的手势,并将识别结果发送给Arduino进行机械臂控制。我们还可以根据需要添加其他功能,例如手势的缩放和旋转等。 最后,在项目的测试阶段,我们需要验证系统的稳定性和准确性。通过不断调试和优化代码,确保机械臂能够准确地响应用户的手势。 总的来说,使用Kinect和Arduino的手势控制机械臂项目开发是一项复杂而有趣的工程。通过结合开源硬件和软件,我们可以实现更加灵活和直观的机器人控制方式,为工业自动化和人机交互领域带来创新的解决方案。
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