【Java-II】多线程详解 P22-23（Day17-20210716-Day5）

死锁

Case1

package threadLearn.deadlock;
//死锁：多个线程
public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0,"灰姑娘");
        Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1,"白雪公主");
        g1.start();
        g2.start();

    }
}

//口红
class Lipstick{

}


//镜子
class Mirror{

}

class Makeup extends Thread{
    //需要的资源只有一份，用static来保证只有一份
    static Lipstick lipstick=new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror=new Mirror();
    int choice;//选择
    String girlName;//使用化妆品的人

    Makeup(int choice,String girlName){
        this.choice=choice;
        this.girlName=girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //化妆
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //互相持有对方的锁，就是需要拿到对方的资源
    private  void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice==0){
            synchronized (lipstick){//获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName+" 获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(3000);
                synchronized (mirror){//一秒钟后想获得镜子
                    System.out.println(this.girlName+" 获得镜子的锁");
                }
            }
        }else{
            synchronized (mirror){
                System.out.println(this.girlName+" 获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
                synchronized (lipstick){
                    System.out.println(this.girlName+" 获得口红的锁");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

解决方案：

package threadLearn.deadlock;
//死锁：多个线程
public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0,"灰姑娘");
        Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1,"白雪公主");
        g1.start();
        g2.start();

    }
}

//口红
class Lipstick{
}

//镜子
class Mirror{
}

class Makeup extends Thread{
    //需要的资源只有一份，用static来保证只有一份
    static Lipstick lipstick=new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror=new Mirror();
    int choice;//选择
    String girlName;//使用化妆品的人

    Makeup(int choice,String girlName){
        this.choice=choice;
        this.girlName=girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //化妆
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //互相持有对方的锁，就是需要拿到对方的资源
    private  void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice==0){
            synchronized (lipstick){//获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName+" 获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            }
            synchronized (mirror){//一秒钟后想获得镜子
                System.out.println(this.girlName+" 获得镜子的锁");
            }
        }else{
            synchronized (mirror){
                System.out.println(this.girlName+" 获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            }
            synchronized (lipstick){
                System.out.println(this.girlName+" 获得口红的锁");
            }
        }
    }
}

Lock锁

synchronized是隐式锁，Lock是显示锁

举例：

package threadLearn.deadlock;

//测试Lock锁
public class testLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        testLock2 testLock2 = new testLock2();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
    }
}

class testLock2 implements Runnable{
    int ticketNums=10;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            if (ticketNums>0){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(ticketNums--);
            }else{
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

输出：

9
8
10
7
7
7
6
6
5
4
2
3
1
-1
0

解决

package threadLearn.deadlock;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

//测试Lock锁
public class testLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        testLock2 testLock2 = new testLock2();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
    }
}

class testLock2 implements Runnable{
    int ticketNums=10;
    //定义lock锁
    private final ReentrantLock lock =new ReentrantLock();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try {
                lock.lock();//加锁
                if (ticketNums>0){
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(ticketNums--);
                }else{
                    break;
                }
            }finally {
                lock.unlock();//解锁
            }
        }
    }
}

输出：

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

ReentrantLock可重用锁