题目:
Given an array of integers, 1 ≤ a[i] ≤ n (n = size of array),
some elements appear twice and others appear once.
Find all the elements that appear twice in this array.
Could you do it without extra space and in O(n) runtime?
Input:
[4,3,2,7,8,2,3,1]
Output:
[2,3]
解答:
方案一:
//2 自己的第一思路 Time Limit Exceeded
public static List<Integer> findDuplicates1(int[] nums) {
List<Integer> list =new ArrayList<Integer>();
for(int i=0;i<nums.length;i++){
if(!list.contains(nums[i])){
list.add(nums[i]);
}
}
for(int j=0;j<nums.length;j++){
if(list.contains(nums[j])){
list.remove(Integer.valueOf(nums[j]));
}else{
list.add(nums[j]);
}
}
return list;
}
方案二:
//1 思路:由于数组中是1~n的数字,可以将数组中的数字转化为数组的下标,遍历数组时第一次下标出现,将对应下标数组中的元素设置为相反数,否则,则是此下标再次出现,则将元素存入list中,最后将原数组恢复
public static List<Integer> findDuplicates(int[] nums) {
List<Integer> list=new ArrayList<Integer>();
for(int i=0;i<nums.length;i++){
int location=Math.abs(nums[i])-1;
if(nums[location]<0){
list.add(Math.abs(nums[i]));
}else{
nums[location]=-nums[location];
}
}
//下面的代码可要可不要,回复数组中的元素
for(int j=0;j<nums.length;j++){
nums[j]=Math.abs(nums[j]);
}
return list;
}
方案三:
//3 这样也行,可1类似,只是没有恢复原数组
public static List<Integer> findDuplicates2(int[] nums) {
List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; ++i) {
int index = Math.abs(nums[i])-1;
if (nums[index] < 0)
res.add(Math.abs(index+1));
nums[index] = -nums[index];
}
return res;
}