观察者模式

以下内容摘抄于《C# 大话设计模式》

观察者模式（Observer）：定义了一种一对多的依赖关系，让多个观察者对象同时监听某一主题对象。这个主题对象在状态发生变化时，会通知所有观察者对象，使他们能够自动更新自己。

结构图如下：

代码如下：

package com.schema.observer;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public abstract class Subject {
	private List<Observer> observers = new ArrayList<Observer>();

	// 增加观察者
	public void Attach(Observer observer){
		observers.add(observer);
	}

	// 移除观察者
	public void Detach(Observer observer){
		observers.remove(observer);
	}

	//通知
	public void Notify(){
		for(Observer observer : observers){
			observer.Update();
		}
	}
}

package com.schema.observer;

public abstract class Observer {
	public abstract void  Update();
}

package com.schema.observer;

public class ConcreteSubject extends Subject {
	private String subjectState;

	public String getSubjectState() {
		return subjectState;
	}

	public void setSubjectState(String subjectState) {
		this.subjectState = subjectState;
	}
}

package com.schema.observer;

public class ConcreteObserver extends Observer {
	private String name;
	private String observerState;
	private ConcreteSubject subject;

	public ConcreteSubject getSubject() {
		return subject;
	}

	public void setSubject(ConcreteSubject subject) {
		this.subject = subject;
	}

	public ConcreteObserver(ConcreteSubject subject, String name){
		this.subject = subject;
		this.name = name;
	}

	public void Update(){
		observerState = subject.getSubjectState();
		System.out.println("观察者" + name + "$的新状态是" + observerState);
	}

	public static void main(String[] args){
		ConcreteSubject s = new ConcreteSubject();

		s.Attach(new ConcreteObserver(s, "Lizz"));
		s.Attach(new ConcreteObserver(s, "H"));
		s.Attach(new ConcreteObserver(s, "G"));

		s.setSubjectState("ABC");
		s.Notify();
	}
}

日常生活中常常有人订阅杂志，我们以此为例。假设有一个抽象的杂志类和一个实现了抽象杂志类的One类。以及有一个订阅接口和实现了订阅接口的Customer类。

package com.schema.observer.magazine;

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

public abstract class Magazine {
	protected List<ISubScribe> customers = new LinkedList<ISubScribe>();
	// 读者订阅杂志
	public void Subscribe(ISubScribe customer){
		customers.add(customer);
	}
	// 读者退订杂志
	public void Unsubscribe(ISubScribe customer){
		customers.remove(customer);
	}
	// 向订阅者发送杂志
	public  void SendMagazine(){
		System.out.println("新一期的杂志又和大家见面了：");

		for(ISubScribe custome : customers){
			custome.GetMessageInfo();
		}
	}
	// 杂志内容
	protected String contextInfomation;

	public abstract void SetMagazineContext(String context);
}

package com.schema.observer.magazine;

public class One extends Magazine {
	public void SetMagazineContext(String context){
		contextInfomation = context;
	}
}

package com.schema.observer.magazine;

public interface ISubScribe {
	// 获取杂志内容信息
	public void GetMessageInfo();
}

package com.schema.observer.magazine;

public class Customer implements ISubScribe {
	private Magazine magazine;
	private String name;

	public Customer(Magazine magazine,String name){
		this.magazine = magazine;
		this.name = name;
	}

	public void GetMessageInfo(){
		System.out.println( name + " 获取最新一期杂志，内容：" + magazine.contextInfomation);
	}

	public static void main(String[] args){
		Magazine magazine = new One();

		ISubScribe c1 = new Customer(magazine, "tom");
		ISubScribe c2 = new Customer(magazine, "jerry");
		ISubScribe c3 = new Customer(magazine, "lucy");

		// 客户订阅杂志
		magazine.Subscribe(c1);
		magazine.Subscribe(c2);
		magazine.Subscribe(c3);
		// 填充杂志内容
		magazine.SetMagazineContext("Hi,Big Men.");
		// 向客户发送杂志内同
		magazine.SendMagazine();
		// 客户c1退订杂志
		magazine.Unsubscribe(c1);
		// 更新杂志内容
		magazine.SetMagazineContext("Hey.Guys.");
		//发送最新一期的内容
		magazine.SendMagazine();
	}
}