Android测试之Espresso

Espress

谷歌13年的时候开源了espress,谷歌的思路是,等到它足够成熟和稳定以后,将其迁移到Android SDK中,以此可见对他的重视。Google使用Espresso测试了他们自己的超过30个应用程序,包括G+、Maps和Drive。

它由三部分组成:

        ViewMachers:寻找用来测试的View。

        ViewActions:发送交互事件。

        ViewAssertions:检验测试结果。

常用api

assertture(“校验的文本”,true)

//EditText文本输入 
TypeText(String) - 一个个字输入 
EnterText(String) - 一串数据输入

//等待页面中的文本 
waitfortext(string,多少个相匹配,等待时间(毫秒)) 
waitfortext(id,多少个相匹配,等待时间(毫秒)) 
waitForActivity()

//查看页面中的文本 
SearchText() 
SearchButton() 
SearchEditText()

waitfortext、searchtext可以获取toast message

//点击按钮 
ClickOnText(String) 
ClickOnButton(String) 
ClickOnCheckBox 
ClickOnRadioButton 
ClickInList(第几行)

ClickOnView(GetView(id)) - 点击页面中难找到的控件 
ClickOnImage(index) - 点击页面中图片按钮,如账号中的“X”按钮

//清除控件中的文本 
ClearEditText

//滚动 
ScroolDown - 向下滚动屏幕 
scrollListtoline(index,多少行) - 向下滚动列表框多少行 
scrolltoside - 水平滚动屏幕

//屏幕控制 
setActivityOrientation(Solo.LANDSCAPE或Solo.PORTRAIT) 控制屏幕横向或纵向显示

//跳转 
goBack() 模仿硬返回键 
goBackToActivity(“Activity名”) 跳到指定的Activity

//截屏
takescreenshot

 

Espresso包含4个主要组件:

1. Espresso:和view交互的入口点(通过onView和OnData),还有一些与view无关的APIs(如:pressBack)。

包含以下函数:

public static ViewInteraction onView(final Matcher<View> viewMatcher);
public static DataInteraction onData(Matcher<Object> dataMatcher);
public static void registerLooperAsIdlingResource(Looper looper);
public static void registerLooperAsIdlingResource(Looper looper, boolean considerWaitIdle);
public static void registerIdlingResources(IdlingResource... resources);
public static void setFailureHandler(FailureHandler failureHandler);
public static void closeSoftKeyboard();
public static void openContextualActionModeOverflowMenu();
public static void pressBack();
public static void openActionBarOverflowOrOptionsMenu(Context context);

 

2. ViewMatchers:一组实现了Matcher<? super View>接口的对象。可以将一个或多个ViewMatchers传入到onView方法中,用来在视图层次中定位视图。

包含以下函数:

public static Matcher<View> isAssignableFrom(final Class<?extendsView> clazz);
public static Matcher<View> withClassName(final Matcher<String> classNameMatcher);
public static Matcher<View> isDisplayed();
public static Matcher<View> isCompletelyDisplayed();
public static Matcher<View> isDisplayingAtLeast(final int areaPercentage);
public static Matcher<View> isEnabled();
public static Matcher<View> isFocusable();
public static Matcher<View> hasFocus();
public static Matcher<View> hasSibling(final Matcher<View> siblingMatcher);
public static Matcher<View> withContentDescription(String text);
public static Matcher<View> withContentDescription(final Matcher<?extendsCharSequence> charSequenceMatcher);
public static Matcher<View> withId(int id);
public static Matcher<View> withId(final Matcher<Integer> integerMatcher);
public static Matcher<View> withTagKey(final int key);
public static Matcher<View> withTagKey(final int key,final Matcher<Object> objectMatcher);
public static Matcher<View> withTagValue(final Matcher<Object> tagValueMatcher);
public static Matcher<View> withText(String text);
public static Matcher<View> withText(final Matcher<String> stringMatcher);
public static Matcher<View> withText(final int resourceId);
public static Matcher<View> isChecked();
public static Matcher<View> isNotChecked();
public static Matcher<View> hasContentDescription();
public static Matcher<View> hasDescendant(final Matcher<View> descendantMatcher);
public static Matcher<View> isClickable();
public static Matcher<View> isDescendantOfA(final Matcher<View> ancestorMatcher);
public static Matcher<View> withEffectiveVisibility(final Visibility visibility);
public static Matcher<View> withParent(final Matcher<View> parentMatcher);
public static Matcher<View> withChild(finalMatcher<View> childMatcher);
public static Matcher<View> isRoot();
public static Matcher<View> supportsInputMethods();
public static Matcher<View> hasImeAction(int imeAction);
public static Matcher<View> hasImeAction(finalMatcher<Integer> imeActionMatcher);
public static <T>void assertThat(T actual,Matcher<T> matcher);
public static <T>void assertThat(String message, T actual,Matcher<T> matcher);

3. ViewActions:一组可以执行的动作(如点击动作:click),可以传入到ViewInteraction.perform方法中。

包含以下函数:

public static ViewAction clearText();
public static ViewAction click();
public static ViewAction click(ViewAction rollbackAction);
public static ViewAction swipeLeft();
public static ViewAction swipeRight();
public static ViewAction closeSoftKeyboard();
public static ViewAction pressImeActionButton();
public static ViewAction pressBack();
public static ViewAction pressMenuKey();
public static ViewAction pressKey(int keyCode);
public static ViewAction pressKey(EspressoKey key);
public static ViewAction doubleClick();
public static ViewAction longClick();
public static ViewAction scrollTo();
public static ViewAction typeTextIntoFocusedView;
public static ViewAction typeText(String stringToBeTyped);

4. ViewAssertions:用来验证视图的状态,需要传到ViewInteraction.check方法中,大多数时候要使用matches函数来验证当前选择的视图的状态。

包含以下函数:

public static ViewAssertion doesNotExist();
public static ViewAssertion matches(final Matcher<? super View> viewMatcher);
public static ViewAssertion selectedDescendantsMatch(final Matcher<View> selector, final Matcher<View> matcher);

 

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