来源:http://www.jianshu.com/p/02cb9a0eb2a0
Android Studio中Gradle使用详解
一)基本配置
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build配置
buildscript { repositories { jcenter() } dependencies { classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3' } }
Android脚本
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
Android配置
android { compileSdkVersion 22 buildToolsVersion "22.0.1" }
项目结构
MyApp ├── build.gradle ├── settings.gradle └── app ├── build.gradle ├── build ├── libs └── src └── main ├── java │ └── com.package.myapp └── res ├── drawable ├── layout └── etc.
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Gradle Wrapper结构(这些新建项目时都添加给了用户,不需要重新添加)
myapp/ ├── gradlew ├── gradlew.bat └── gradle/wrapper/ ├── gradle-wrapper.jar └── gradle-wrapper.properties
运行build任务 - 列出所有可用任务
$ ./gradlew tasks
生成App-debug.apk任务
$ ./gradlew assembleDebug # Apk路径: MyApp/app/build/ outputs/apk
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手动导入Eclipse-Android项目(自动导入请连续点“下一步”)
在项目路径下创建build.gradle文件:buildscript { repositories { jcenter() } dependencies { classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3' } } apply plugin: 'com.android.application' android { compileSdkVersion 22 buildToolsVersion "22.0.1" sourceSets { main { manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml' java.srcDirs = ['src'] resources.srcDirs = ['src'] aidl.srcDirs = ['src'] renderscript.srcDirs = ['src'] res.srcDirs = ['res'] assets.srcDirs = ['assets'] } androidTest.setRoot('tests') } } dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) }
PS 也可以复制粘贴Eclipse-Android项目的源代码到Android Studio的项目里
二)自定义配置
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Gradle所有文件结构
MyApp ├── build.gradle ├── settings.gradle └── app └── build.gradle
settings.gradle
include ':app'
MyApp/build.gradle
buildscript { repositories { jcenter() } dependencies { classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3' } } allprojects { repositories { jcenter() } }
MyApp/app/build.gradle
apply plugin: 'com.android.application' android { compileSdkVersion 22 buildToolsVersion "22.0.1" defaultConfig { applicationId "com.gradleforandroid.gettingstarted" minSdkVersion 14 targetSdkVersion 22 versionCode 1 versionName "1.0" } buildTypes { release { minifyEnabled false proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' } } } dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.0' }
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基础任务
$ ./gradlew assemble -为所有构建类型创建apk $ ./gradlew check 运行所有的检查,比如说Android Lint,如果发现问题可终止任务 $ ./gradlew build 运行以上两个任务 $ ./gradlew clean -清除生成的apk ++++ $ ./gradlew connectedCheck - 在设备上运行测试 $ ./gradlew deviceCheck - 远程设备运行测试 $ ./gradlew installDebug/installRelease - 在设备商安装指定版本 $ ./gradlew uninstall - 卸载
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Build Types不同版本的参数设置 - BuildConfig/Resource Value
android { buildTypes { debug { buildConfigField "String", "API_URL","\"http://test.example.com/api\"" buildConfigField "boolean", "LOG_HTTP_CALLS", "true" resValue "string", "app_name", "Example DEBUG" } release { buildConfigField "String", "API_URL", "\"http://example.com/api\"" buildConfigField "boolean", "LOG_HTTP_CALLS", "false" resValue "string", "app_name", "Example" } } }
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全局设置(项目根目录的build.gradle)
allprojects { apply plugin: 'com.android.application' android { compileSdkVersion 22 buildToolsVersion "22.0.1" } }
设置全局参数
ext { compileSdkVersion = 22 buildToolsVersion = "22.0.1" }
在MyApp/app/build.gradle里面使用参数
android { compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdkVersion buildToolsVersion rootProject.ext.buildToolsVersion }
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默认任务(MyApp/build.gradle)
defaultTasks 'clean', 'assembleDebug'
三) 依赖管理
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仓库
预设配置仓库repositories { mavenCentral() jcenter() mavenLocal() }
远程仓库
repositories { maven { url "http://repo.acmecorp.com/maven2" credentials { username 'user' password 'secretpassword' } } ivy { url "http://repo.acmecorp.com/repo" } }
本地仓库
repositories { maven { url "../repo" } }
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本地依赖
项目文件依赖dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) }
原生库结构与配置
# 结构: app ├── AndroidManifest.xml └── jniLibs ├── armeabi │ └── nativelib.so ├── armeabi-v7a │ └── nativelib.so ├── mips │ └── nativelib.so └── x86 └── nativelib.so # 配置: android { sourceSets.main { jniLibs.srcDir 'src/main/libs' } }
Libray项目
# 修改Android插件: apply plugin: 'com.android.library' # settings.gradle新增libray项目: include ':app', ':library' # app内引用library项目: dependencies { compile project(':library') }
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依赖概念
<待续>
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Android Studio内添加依赖
四)构建变体
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<待续>
五)多模块构建管理
- 加速构建
在gradle.properties里面添加: org.gradle.parallel=true
六) 测试
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单元测试
使用JUnit# 结构: app └─── src ├─── main │ ├─── java │ │ └─── com.example.app │ └───res └─── test └─── java └─── com.example.app # 依赖: dependencies { testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12' }
使用Robolectric
# 依赖: apply plugin: 'org.robolectric' dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.0' testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12' testCompile'org.robolectric:robolectric:3.0' testCompile'org.robolectric:shadows-support:3.0' } # Demo: @RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class) @Config(manifest = "app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml", sdk = 18) public class MainActivityTest { @Test public void clickingButtonShouldChangeText() { AppCompatActivity activity = Robolectric.buildActivity(MainActivity.class).create().get(); Button button = (Button) activity.findViewById(R.id.button); TextView textView = (TextView) activity.findViewById(R.id.label); button.performClick(); assertThat(textView.getText().toString(), equalTo(activity.getString(R.string.hello_robolectric))); } }
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功能测试
使用Espresso<待续>
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测试覆盖度
使用Jacoco<待续>
七)创建任务与插件
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<待续>
八)配置CI
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<待续>
九)自定义配置 - 进阶
- 缩减apk文件大小
使用ProGuard
收缩资源文件 - 自动 (<手动待续>)android { buildTypes { release { minifyEnabled true proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' } } }
android { buildTypes { release { minifyEnabled true shrinkResources true } } }
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加速构建
org.gradle.parallel=true # 并行构建 org.gradle.daemon=true # 开启Gradle守护进程 org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xms256m -Xmx1024m # 配置JVM<参照下图>
使用Profiling<待续>
使用Jack(Java Android Compiler Kit) and Jill(Jack Intermediate Library Linker)
<待续>
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忽略Lint
android { lintOptions { abortOnError false } }
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使用Ant
<待续>
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app打包 - 进阶
分割apkandroid { splits { density { enable true exclude 'ldpi', 'mdpi' compatibleScreens 'normal', 'large', 'xlarge' } } } 生成结果: app-hdpi-release.apk app-universal-release.apk app-xhdpi-release.apk app-xxhdpi-release.apk app-xxxhdpi-release.apk
引用:
- 《Gradle for Android》
原文链接:http://www.jianshu.com/p/02cb9a0eb2a0