Objective-C语言_对字符串操作的常用方法

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

int main(int argc,const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
       
        /*
         构造字符串四种方式
            NSString 不可变字符串
         */
        
        //1.初始化一个字符串对象
        NSString *string1 = @"ibokanwisdom";
        
//        NSString *string2 = [NSString stringWithString:@"ibokanwisdom"];
//        NSString *string3 = [[NSString alloc]initWithString:@"ibokanwisdom"];
        
        //使用NSString的类方法来创建字符串，+ (instancetype)stringWithFormat:@"格式化标志符"
        NSString *string4 = [NSStringstringWithFormat:@"%d,%.1f,hi guys",5,4.5];
        NSLog(@"string4 = %@",string4);
        
        //对于用格式化方式来构造字符串实例来讲，其作用并不仅仅来构造一个字符串对象，它还可以用来做字符串拼接
        NSString *string5 = @"Rick";
        NSString *string6 = @"666";
        NSString *string7 = [NSStringstringWithFormat:@"%@%@",string5,string6];
        NSLog(@"string7 = %@",string7);
        
        //从本地文件中读取字符串
        NSString *path1 =@"/Users/liujiahao/Desktop/OC_04_02/OC_04_02/t.html";
        
        NSStringEncoding encoding ;//NSUTF8StringEncoding(4)
        NSError *error ;
        
        NSString *string8 = [NSStringstringWithContentsOfFile:path1 encoding:NSUTF8StringEncodingerror:&error];
        
//        NSLog(@"string8 = %@,error = %@",string8,error);
        
        //从网络读取字符串
        NSURL *url = [NSURLURLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"];
//        NSString *string10 = [NSString stringWithContentsOfURL:url encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
        
//        NSLog(@"string10 = %@",string10);
        
        //字符串的操作
        NSString *string11 = @"你是逗比么,我都受不了你了";
        
        //字符串属性    长度      length
        NSUInteger length = [string11 length];
        NSLog(@"length = %lu",length);
        
        //字符串的截取
        NSString *subString1 = [string11substringToIndex:5];  //获取从字符串开头到字符串的 to的位置的字符串内容，不包括to位置，从0算起
        NSLog(@"subString1 = %@",subString1);
        
        NSString *subString2 = [string11 substringFromIndex:6]; //获取从字符串的from位置到结尾的字符串内容，包含from位置的字符
        NSLog(@"subString2 = %@",subString2);
        
        NSString *subString3 = [string11 substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(2,2)];
        NSLog(@"subString3 = %@",subString3);
        
        //获取字符串中的某个字符
        NSString *string12 = @"abcdefg";
        char c = [string12characterAtIndex:0];//根据字符串中的位置 index来得到一个字符,注意字符串的索引是从0开始的
        NSLog(@"%c",c);
        
        //字符串比较，如何判断两个字符串是否相等
        if (subString2 == subString3)
        {
            //内容和指针都相等时，才成立
            NSLog(@"subString2和 subString3相等");
        }
        else
        {
            NSLog(@"subString2和 subString3不相等");
        }
        
        /*
         如何才能让两个字符串的指针和内容都相等呢?
         P96
         这里需要注意两个概念 : 浅拷贝 和深拷贝
         浅拷贝:是指源对象与拷贝对象共用一份实体，仅仅是引用的变量名称不同。
         
         深拷贝:是指源对象与拷贝对象互相独立，其中任何一个对象的改动都不会对另一个对象造成影响。
         
         在字符串中，[NSString stringWithString:]方法是用于浅拷贝一个现有的字符串产生一个字符串
         */
        
        NSString *subString4 = [NSStringstringWithString:subString2];
        
        NSString *subString5 = [NSStringstringWithFormat:@"%@",subString2];
        
        if (subString2 == subString5)
        {
            //内容和指针都相等时，才成立
            NSLog(@"subString2和 subString5相等");
        }
        else
        {
            NSLog(@"subString2和 subString5不相等");
        }
    
        //在实际开发过程中，我们通常只需要比较两个字符串的内容是否相等
        if ([subString2 isEqualToString:subString5])
        {
            NSLog(@"subString2和 subString5内容相等");
        }
        else
        {
            NSLog(@"subString2和 subString5内容不相等");
        }
        
        //比较两个字符串的大小
        NSString *cmpString1 = @"hehehehehehe";
        NSString *cmpString2 = @"hahahahahaha";
        
        NSComparisonResult result = [cmpString1compare:cmpString2];
        
        switch (result) {
            caseNSOrderedAscending:
            {
                NSLog(@"cmpString1 < cmpString2,升序");
            }
                break;
            case NSOrderedSame:
            {
                NSLog(@"cmpString1 = cmpString2");
            }
                break;
            caseNSOrderedDescending:
            {
                NSLog(@"cmpString1 > cmpString2,降序");
            }
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        
        //根据字符串拿到对应的range
        //NSString *string11 = @"你是逗比么,我都受不了你了";
        NSRange range = [string11 rangeOfString:@"逗比"];
        NSLog(@"%@",[NSValuevalueWithRange:range]);
        
        //只输出第一个遇到该字符串的位置及 该字符串的长度
        NSRange range1 = [string11 rangeOfString:@"你"];
        NSLog(@"%@",[NSValuevalueWithRange:range1]);
        
        
        //判断字符串中是否有XX前缀或 XX后缀
        NSString *string13 =@"http://www.baidu.com";
        
        if ([string13 hasPrefix:@"http://"])
        {
            NSLog(@"含有此前缀");
        }
        else
        {
            NSLog(@"不含有此前缀");
        }
        
        //判断是否为 jpg或 png 后缀
        NSString *string14 = @"dkjfkj.jpg";
        if ([string14 hasSuffix:@".jpg"] || [string14 hasSuffix:@"png"])
        {
            NSLog(@"含有此后缀");
        }
        else
        {
            NSLog(@"不含有此后缀");
        }
        
        
        //字符串 拼接
        NSString *string15 = @"www.baidu.com";
        NSString *string16 = [@"http://"stringByAppendingString:string15];     //直接把两个字符串连接起来，调用者在前，传进来的字符串在后
        NSLog(@"string16 = %@",string16);
        
        //http://img0.bdstatic.com/img/image/shouye/hbmnp003.jpg
        NSString *string17 =@"http://img0.bdstatic.com/img/image/shouye";
        NSString *string18 = @"hbmnp003.jpg";
        NSString *string19 = [string17 stringByAppendingFormat:@"/%@",string18];   //连接两个字符串，并且第二个字符串是按一定格式传进来的
        NSLog(@"string19 = %@",string19);
        
//        NSString *string20 = [@"http://" stringByAppendingPathComponent:string18];
//        NSLog(@"string20 = %@",string20);
        
        NSString *string21 =@"http://img0.bdstatic.com/img/image/shouye/hbmnp003.jpg/ddddd";
//        NSString *string21 = @"a\\dd\\dfds\\s\\t";
        
        NSString *string22 = [string21 lastPathComponent];
        NSLog(@"string22 = %@",string22);
        
        
        NSString *theImageName = @"Rick";
        NSString *string23 = @"png";
//        NSString *q = [theImageName stringByAppendingFormat:@".%@",string23];
//        NSLog(@"%@",q);
        NSString *string24 = [theImageName stringByAppendingPathExtension:string23];
        NSLog(@"string24 = %@",string24);
        
        
        //字符串的其他常用方法
        //1.字符串的转换函数
        NSString *str1 = @"111add333";
        int a1 = [str1 intValue];
        float b1 = [str1 floatValue];
        double c1 = [str1 doubleValue];
        NSLog(@"%d",a1);
        
        
        //2.字符串大小写转换函数
        NSString *str2 = @"aaabb";
        NSString *str3 = [str2 uppercaseString];    //将字符全部改写成大写
        NSLog(@"str3 = %@",str3);
        
        NSString *str4 = [str3 lowercaseString];    //将字符全部改写成小写
        NSLog(@"str4 = %@",str4);
        
       NSString *str5 = [str2 capitalizedString];   //将首个字符改写成大写，其余的都小写
        NSLog(@"str5 = %@",str5);
        
        
        //字符串的替换函数
        
        NSString *str6 = [str2stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"bb"withString:@"dd"];
        NSLog(@"str6 = %@",str6);
        
        NSString *str7 = [str2stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(1,2) withString:@"cc"]; //将原字符串中range范围内的内容替换成replacement的内容
        NSLog(@"str7 = %@",str7);
        
        NSString *str8 = @"aa-bb-cc-dd-ee";
        
        NSArray *array = [str8 componentsSeparatedByString:@"-"];
        //以separator为分隔符，将原字符串的内容进行分割，分割得到的结果放到一个数组里，作为返回值
        
        NSLog(@"array = %@",array);
    }
    return 0;
}
========================================================================================
t.html
在工程项拉进一个t.html
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
  <title></title>
  <meta name="Generator" content="Cocoa HTML Writer">
  <meta name="CocoaVersion" content="1404.13">
  <style type="text/css">
    p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica}
  </style>
</head>
<body>
<p class="p1">Hello World!!!</p>
</body>
</html>