使用Tkinter进行GUI程序设计

一 概述

Tkinter(Tk Interface)是python的标准GUI库。

二 Tkinter的常用部件

1 Label & Button（标签和按钮）

# 导入tkinter
import tkinter as tk

# 主窗口
window = tk.Tk()
window.title("My Window")   # 窗口标题
window.geometry('200x100')  # 窗口尺寸

# 标签
var = tk.StringVar()
l = tk.Label(window, textvariable=var, bg='green', font=('Arial', 12), width=15, height=2)
l.pack()

# 按钮的响应事件
on_hit = False
def hit_me():
    global on_hit
    if on_hit == False:
        on_hit = True
        var.set('you hit me')
    else:
        on_hit = False
        var.set('')

# 按钮
b = tk.Button(window, text='hit me', width=15, height=2, command=hit_me)
b.pack()

# 主事件循环
window.mainloop() 

2 Entry & Text（输入和文本框）

# 导入tkinter
import tkinter as tk

# 主窗口
window = tk.Tk()
window.title('My Window')
window.geometry('200x200')

# 单行输入框
e = tk.Entry(window, show = None)
e.pack()

# 响应事件
def insert_point():
    var = e.get()
    t.insert('insert', var)

def insert_end():
    var = e.get()
    t.insert('end', var)

# 按钮1
b1 = tk.Button(window, text='insert point', width=15, height=2, command=insert_point)
b1.pack()

# 按钮2
b2 = tk.Button(window, text='insert end', width=15, height=2, command=insert_end)
b2.pack()

# 文本框
t = tk.Text(window, height=2)
t.pack()

# 主事件循环
tk.mainloop()

3 Listbox（列表）

# 导入tkinter
import tkinter as tk

# 主窗口
window = tk.Tk()
window.title('My Window')
window.geometry('200x200')

# 创建一个Label用于显示选中的内容
var1 = tk.StringVar()
l = tk.Label(window, bg = 'yellow', width = 10, textvariable = var1)
l.pack()

# 响应事件
def print_selection():
    value = lb.get(lb.curselection())
    var1.set(value)

# 按钮
bl = tk.Button(window, text = 'print_selection', width = 15, height = 2, command = print_selection)
bl.pack()

# Listbox
var2 = tk.StringVar()
var2.set((11, 22, 33, 44))
lb = tk.Listbox(window, listvariable = var2)
list_items = [1, 2, 3, 4]
for item in list_items:
    lb.insert('end', item)
lb.insert(1, 'first')
lb.insert(2, 'second')
lb.pack()

# 主事件循环
window.mainloop()

4 Radi