Android中级进阶之——onSaveInstanceState()和onRestoreInstanceState()

Android学习已经将近一年了，感觉技术进步很慢，习惯不了安逸的生活，所以对安卓开发进行了一些整合，计划进阶！

了解savedInstanceState

首先，savedInstanceState是Android用来恢复一些因异常情况下（如由竖屏切换横屏时Activity会进行重启）而导致Activity销毁的数据。因为 Activity 在变为不可见以后，系统随时可能把它回收用来释放内存。重写 Activity 中的 onSaveInstanceState 方法是 Google 推荐的用来保持 Activity 状态的做法。销毁前会调用onsavedInstanceState()方法对一些需要存储的数据，由键值对的方式put到一个Bunble实例中 ！当然，用户手动返回，比如按Home键、finish掉Acitivity都是不会经过onsavedInstanceState()方法的！

保存数据

首先，在销毁时先保存数据，onsavedInstanceState()方法必须重写

 @Override
    public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState, PersistableBundle outPersistentState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState, outPersistentState);
        outState.putString("temp" , temp);
    }

activity销毁时，会先经过onsavedInstanceState()方法，然后执行onPause()——onDestroy()方法

恢复数据

当异常退出再进入之后，会调用onCreate方法中的成员savedInstanceState，或者重写onRestoreInstanceState()方法

onRestoreInstanceState()只有在存在保存状态的情况下才会恢复，所以不需要去检查Bunble是否为空

@Override
    public void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState, PersistableBundle persistentState) {
        super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState, persistentState);
        temp = savedInstanceState.getString("temp");
        Log.i("temp" , "onRestoreInstanceState()---"+temp);
    }

onCreate()方法是在启动activity之后调用的方法，所以需要去检查Bunble是否为空

 @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        if(savedInstanceState != null){
            temp = savedInstanceState.getString("temp");
            Log.i("temp" ,"oncreate()---" + temp);
        }
    }

接下来我们来模拟一下异常退出的情况，当竖屏切换横屏时，会重新启动Activity

DEMO

完整代码如下

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {


    private String temp= "进入页面!";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        if(savedInstanceState != null){
            temp = savedInstanceState.getString("temp");
            Log.i("temp" ,"oncreate()---" + temp);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        temp = "屏幕切换，保存数据" ;
        if(getRequestedOrientation() == ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_UNSPECIFIED){
            setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState, PersistableBundle outPersistentState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState, outPersistentState);
        outState.putString("temp" , temp);
        Log.i("temp" , "onSaveInstanceState()");
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        Log.i("temp" , "onPause()");
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.i("temp" , "onDestroy()");
    }

    @Override
    public void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState, PersistableBundle persistentState) {
        super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState, persistentState);
        temp = savedInstanceState.getString("temp");
        Log.i("temp" , "onRestoreInstanceState()---"+temp);
    }
}

总结

最终，在异常退出再打开的情况下，temp仍然保留退出时的值