JAVA实现二叉树

一、分析

　　一个二叉树节点有三个部分，一个是指向左子树的部分，一个是指向右子树的部分，另外一个是数据部分。可以把这个节点抽象成一个节点对象，给对象有两个节点对象属性和一个数据属性。如下图：


[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0096/5338/41146fbd-7b48-3cb9-a703-315d77474590.png[/img]


　　一个二叉树有只有一个根节点，其余的都是根节点的直接或间接子节点。所以可以把二叉树抽象成一个对象，该对象有一个节点类型的数据，也就是用来保存根节点。如下图：

[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0096/5340/3f32c98a-84ba-3102-96d5-50c0bc7528fb.png[/img]

package com.algorithms.treee;

/**
 * 二叉树
 */
public class BinaryTree
{
    private TreeNode root;// 根节点

    public BinaryTree()
    {
    }

    public BinaryTree(TreeNode root)
    {
        this.root = root;
    }

    public TreeNode getRoot()
    {
        return root;
    }

    public void setRoot(TreeNode root)
    {
        this.root = root;
    }

    /**
     * 定义节点
     */
    private static class TreeNode
    {
        private String data = null;// 数据部分
        private TreeNode left;// 左节点的引用
        private TreeNode right;// 右节点的引用

        public TreeNode()
        {
        }

        public TreeNode(String data, TreeNode left, TreeNode right)
        {
            this.data = data;
            this.left = left;
            this.right = right;
        }

        public String getData()
        {
            return data;
        }

        public void setData(String data)
        {
            this.data = data;
        }

        public TreeNode getLeft()
        {
            return left;
        }

        public void setLeft(TreeNode left)
        {
            this.left = left;
        }

        public TreeNode getRight()
        {
            return right;
        }

        public void setRight(TreeNode right)
        {
            this.right = right;
        }

    }

    /**
     * 返回父结点
     * 
     * @param element
     * @return
     */
    public TreeNode getParent(TreeNode element)
    {
        return (root == null || root == element) ? null : parent(root, element);
    }

    public TreeNode parent(TreeNode subTree, TreeNode element)
    {
        if (subTree == null)
            return null;
        if (subTree.getLeft() == element || subTree.getRight() == element)
            // 返回父结点地址
            return subTree;
        TreeNode p;
        // 现在左子树中找，如果左子树中没有找到，才到右子树去找
        if ((p = parent(subTree.getLeft(), element)) != null)
            // 递归在左子树中搜索
            return p;
        else
            // 递归在右子树中搜索
            return parent(subTree.getRight(), element);
    }

    /**
     * 节点个数
     * 
     * @return
     */
    public int getSize()
    {
        return getNum(root);
    }

    private int getNum(TreeNode node)
    {
        if (node == null)
        {
            return 0;
        }
        else
        {
            int i = getNum(node.getLeft());
            int j = getNum(node.getRight());
            return j + i + 1;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 树高度
     * 
     * @return
     */
    public int getHeight()
    {
        return getHeight(root);
    }

    private int getHeight(TreeNode node)
    {
        if (node == null)
            return 0;// 递归结束：空树高度为0
        else
        {
            int i = getHeight(node.getLeft());
            int j = getHeight(node.getRight());
            return (i < j) ? (j + 1) : (i + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 前序遍历
     * 
     * @param node
     */
    public void preOrder(TreeNode node)
    {
        if (node != null)
        {
            System.out.println(node.getData());
            preOrder(node.getLeft());
            preOrder(node.getRight());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 中序遍历
     * 
     * @param node
     */
    public void inOrder(TreeNode node)
    {
        if (node != null)
        {
            preOrder(node.getLeft());
            System.out.println(node.getData());
            preOrder(node.getRight());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 后续遍历
     * 
     * @param node
     */
    public void postOrder(TreeNode node)
    {
        if (node != null)
        {
            preOrder(node.getLeft());
            preOrder(node.getRight());
            System.out.println(node.getData());
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {

        TreeNode l2 = new TreeNode("left2", null, null);
        TreeNode r2 = new TreeNode("right2", null, null);

        TreeNode l1 = new TreeNode("left1", null, r2);// 根节点左子树
        TreeNode r1 = new TreeNode("right1", null, l2);// 根节点右子树
        TreeNode root = new TreeNode("root", l1, r1);// 创建根节点

        BinaryTree bt = new BinaryTree(root);
        System.out.println("=======先序遍历======");
        bt.preOrder(bt.getRoot());
        System.out.println("=======中序遍历======");
        bt.inOrder(bt.getRoot());
        System.out.println("========后续遍历=======");
        bt.postOrder(bt.getRoot());
        System.out.println("===========");
        System.out.println(bt.getHeight());
        System.out.println(bt.getSize());

        System.out.println(bt.getParent(l2).getData());
    }
}

转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/always-online/p/3577153.html