UML图:
摘抄说明:
观察者模式(Observer)完美的将观察者和被观察的对象分离开。举个例子,用户界面可以作为一个观察者,业务数据是被观察者,用户界面观察业务数据的变化,发现数据变化后,就显示在界面上。面向对象设计的一个原则是:系统中的每个类将重点放在某一个功能上,而不是其他方面。一个对象只做一件事情,并且将他做好。观察者模式在模块之间划定了清晰的界限,提高了应用程序的可维护性和重用性。
观察者设计模式定义了对象间的一种一对多的组合关系,以便一个对象的状态发生变化时,所有依赖于它的对象都得到通知并自动刷新。
个人理解,使用场景就是当被观察者对象主体发生改变时,需要通知所有已经订阅了的观察者。比如:天气推送,当天气发送改变,就会推送给所有已经订阅了天气的人,这里天气是被观察者,订阅的人是观察者。UML图里面将被观察者和观察者都抽象出独立的接口或类,这样方便后期的拓展。当是这种场景的时候,可以考虑使用观察者模式。下面是具体的代码实现。
//被观察者抽象类 Subject.php
<?php
/**
* Created by PhpStorm.
* User: Administrator
* Date: 2019/3/20
* Time: 19:26
*/
require_once 'Observer.php';
interface Subject
{
public function registerObserver(Observer $observer);
public function removeObserver(Observer $observer);
public function notifyObserver();
}
//被观察这具体实现类 天气 Weather.php
<?php
/**
* Created by PhpStorm.
* User: Administrator
* Date: 2019/3/20
* Time: 19:34
*/
require_once 'Observer.php';
class Weather implements Subject
{
public $observerList = [];
public $weather = "[未更新]";
public function setWeather($weather)
{
$this->weather = $weather;
$this->notifyObserver();
}
public function getWeather()
{
return $this->weather;
}
public function registerObserver(Observer $observer)
{
$this->observerList[] = $observer;
}
public function removeObserver(Observer $observer)
{
foreach($this->observerList as $key =>$value) {
if($value === $observer)
{
unset($this->observerList[$key]);
}
}
}
public function notifyObserver()
{
foreach($this->observerList as $key =>$value) {
$value->update($this->weather);
}
}
}
//观察者抽象类 Observer.php
<?php
/**
* Created by PhpStorm.
* User: Administrator
* Date: 2019/3/20
* Time: 19:26
*/
interface Observer
{
public function update($data);
}
//观察者具体实现类 Client.php
<?php
/**
* Created by PhpStorm.
* User: Administrator
* Date: 2019/3/20
* Time: 19:59
*/
require_once 'Observer.php';
class Client implements Observer
{
public $weather = "[未更新]";
public function update($weather)
{
$this->weather = $weather;
}
public function showWeather()
{
echo '今天天气'.$this->weather;
}
}
//入口文件 Main.php
<?php
/**
* Created by PhpStorm.
* User: Administrator
* Date: 2019/3/20
* Time: 20:03
*/
require_once 'Client.php';
require_once 'Observer.php';
require_once 'Subject.php';
require_once 'Weather.php';
header('Content-type:text/html;charset=utf8');
$client1 = new Client();
$client1->showWeather();
$client2 = new Client();
$client3 = new Client();
$client2->showWeather();
$client3->showWeather();
$weather = new Weather();
$weather->registerObserver($client1);
$weather->registerObserver($client2);
$weather->registerObserver($client3);
$weather->setWeather('晴朗');
$client1->showWeather();
$client2->showWeather();
$weather->removeObserver($client2);
$weather->setWeather('多云');
$client1->showWeather();
$client2->showWeather();
$client3->showWeather();