hibernate-04HQL|Criteria|查询优化

hibernate的查询分类：oid查询-get、对象属性导航查询、HQL、Criteria、原生SQL

 

1.HQL语法

基础语法

String hql = " from Customer "; 
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
List<Customer> list = query.list();

排序

String hql = " from  Customer order by cust_id asc ";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
List list = query.list();

条件

String hql = " from  Customer where cust_id = ? ";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
query.setParameter(0, 2l);
List list = query.list();

分页

String hql = " from  Customer  ";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);		
query.setFirstResult(0);//(当前页数-1)*每页条数
query.setMaxResults(2);
List list = query.list();

聚合

count、sum 、avg 、max、min

String hql = " select count(*) from  Customer  ";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);	
Number number  = (Number) query.uniqueResult();

投影：查询部分列

String hql = " select cust_name from  Customer  ";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
List list = query.list();

多表查询

内连接(迫切)、外连接：左外(迫切)、右外(迫切)

//普通内连接：将连接的两端对象分别返回.放到数组中.
String hql = " from Customer c inner join c.linkMens ";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
List<Object[]> list = query.list();
for(Object[] arr : list){
	    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
}

//迫切内链接fetch：帮我们进行封装.返回值就是一个对象
String hql = " from Customer c inner join fetch c.linkMens ";	
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
List<Customer> list = query.list();

 

 

2.Criteria语法

基本

Criteria c = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
List<Customer> list = c.list();

条件：Restrictions

Criteria c = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
c.add(Restrictions.eq("cust_id",2l));
List<Customer> list = c.list();

分页

Criteria c = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
c.setFirstResult(0);
c.setMaxResults(2);
List<Customer> list = c.list();

排序：Order

Criteria c = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
c.addOrder(Order.asc("cust_id"));
List<Customer> list = c.list();

统计：Projections

Criteria c = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
c.setProjection(Projections.rowCount());
Long cont = (Long) c.uniqueResult();

离线查询：DetachedCriteria 

web层提前封装好一个离线的Criteria，例：在dao层封装一个条件查询，而web层则设置具体什么条件（根据id、name、age...）

//web层或service层
DetachedCriteria dc  = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Customer.class);
dc.add(Restrictions.idEq(6l));//拼装条件(全部与普通Criteria一致)

//dao层
Criteria c = dc.getExecutableCriteria(session);	//传过来的dc
List list = c.list();

 

 

3.查询优化

1>类级别查询（一次性加载和懒加载）：单表时

session.get方法：没有任何策略.调用即立即查询数据库加载数据

Customer c = session.get(Customer.class, 2l);

session.load方法：应用类级别加载策略（懒加载），是在执行时,不发送任何sql语句.返回一个对象.使用该对象时,才执行查询.

Customer c = session.load(Customer.class, 2l);

//orm元数据中lazy：true懒加载|false非懒加载（不懒时与get无区别）
<class name="Customer" table="cst_customer" lazy="false" >

 

2>关联级别查询：关联多表时

在orm元数据中多表关系表达的set标签中使用：可搭配出九种情况

结论：为了提高效率.fetch的选择上应选择select. lazy的取值应选择 true. 全部使用默认值.

 

3>no-session问题解决：懒加载是通过代理对象来实现的，即：使用时才调用，要求必须使用同一个session。在session.close()后会出现此问题，解决办法：扩大session的作用范围（在filter中配置）