对于一个典型的Web应用,完善的认证和授权机制是必不可少的,在SpringFramework中,Juergen Hoeller提供的范例JPetStore给了一些这方面的介绍,但还远远不够,Acegi是一个专门为SpringFramework提供安全机制的项目,全称为Acegi Security System for Spring,当前版本为0.5.1,就其目前提供的功能,应该可以满足绝大多数应用的需求。
本文的主要目的是希望能够说明如何在基于Spring构架的Web应用中使用Acegi,而不是详细介绍其中的每个接口、每个类。注意,即使对已经存在的Spring应用,通过下面介绍的步骤,也可以马上享受到Acegi提供的认证和授权。
[基础工作]
在你的Web应用的lib中添加Acegi下载包中的acegi-security.jar
[web.xml]
实现认证和授权的最常用的方法是通过filter,Acegi亦是如此,通常Acegi需要在web.xml添加以下5个filter:
<filter>
<filter-name>Acegi Channel Processing Filter</filter-name>
<filter-class>net.sf.acegisecurity.util.FilterToBeanProxy</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>targetClass</param-name>
<param-value>net.sf.acegisecurity.securechannel.ChannelProcessingFilter</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter>
<filter-name>Acegi Authentication Processing Filter</filter-name>
<filter-class>net.sf.acegisecurity.util.FilterToBeanProxy</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>targetClass</param-name>
<param-value>net.sf.acegisecurity.ui.webapp.AuthenticationProcessingFilter</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter>
<filter-name>Acegi HTTP BASIC Authorization Filter</filter-name>
<filter-class>net.sf.acegisecurity.util.FilterToBeanProxy</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>targetClass</param-name>
<param-value>net.sf.acegisecurity.ui.basicauth.BasicProcessingFilter</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter>
<filter-name>Acegi Security System for Spring Auto Integration Filter</filter-name>
<filter-class>net.sf.acegisecurity.ui.AutoIntegrationFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter>
<filter-name>Acegi HTTP Request Security Filter</filter-name>
<filter-class>net.sf.acegisecurity.util.FilterToBeanProxy</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>targetClass</param-name>
<param-value>net.sf.acegisecurity.intercept.web.SecurityEnforcementFilter</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
最先引起迷惑的是net.sf.acegisecurity.util.FilterToBeanProxy,Acegi自己的文档上解释是: “What FilterToBeanProxy does is delegate the Filter's methods through to a bean which is obtained from the
Spring application context. This enables the bean to benefit from the Spring application context lifecycle support and configuration flexibility.”,如希望深究的话,去看看源代码应该不难理解。
再下来就是添加filter-mapping了:
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>Acegi Channel Processing Filter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>Acegi Authentication Processing Filter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>Acegi HTTP BASIC Authorization Filter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>Acegi Security System for Spring Auto Integration Filter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>Acegi HTTP Request Security Filter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
这里,需要注意以下两点:
1) 这几个filter的顺序是不能更改的,顺序不对将无法正常工作;
2) 如果你的应用不需要安全传输,如https,则将"Acegi Channel Processing Filter"相关内容注释掉即可;
3) 如果你的应用不需要Spring提供的远程访问机制,如Hessian and Burlap,将"Acegi HTTP BASIC Authorization
Filter"相关内容注释掉即可。
[applicationContext.xml]
接下来就是要添加applicationContext.xml中的内容了,从刚才FilterToBeanFactory的解释可以看出,真正的filter都
在Spring的applicationContext中管理:
1) 首先,你的数据库中必须具有保存用户名和密码的table,Acegi要求table的schema必须如下:
CREATE TABLE users (
username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
password VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
enabled BIT NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE authorities (
username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
authority VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ix_auth_username ON authorities ( username, authority );
ALTER TABLE authorities ADD CONSTRAINT fk_authorities_users foreign key (username) REFERENCES users
(username);
2) 添加访问你的数据库的datasource和Acegi的jdbcDao,如下:
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName"><value>${jdbc.driverClassName}</value></property>
<property name="url"><value>${jdbc.url}</value></property>
<property name="username"><value>${jdbc.username}</value></property>
<property name="password"><value>${jdbc.password}</value></property>
</bean>
<bean id="jdbcDaoImpl" class="net.sf.acegisecurity.providers.dao.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl">
<property name="dataSource"><ref bean="dataSource"/></property>
</bean>
3) 添加DaoAuthenticationProvider:
<bean id="daoAuthenticationProvider" class="net.sf.acegisecurity.providers.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider">
<property name="authenticationDao"><ref bean="authenticationDao"/></property>
<property name="userCache"><ref bean="userCache"/></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userCache" class="net.sf.acegisecurity.providers.dao.cache.EhCacheBasedUserCache">
<property name="minutesToIdle"><value>5</value></property>
</bean>
如果你需要对密码加密,则在daoAuthenticationProvider中加入:<property name="passwordEncoder"><ref
bean="passwordEncoder"/></property>,Acegi提供了几种加密方法,详细情况可看包
net.sf.acegisecurity.providers.encoding
4) 添加authenticationManager:
<bean id="authenticationManager" class="net.sf.acegisecurity.providers.ProviderManager">
<property name="providers">
<list>
<ref bean="daoAuthenticationProvider"/>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
5) 添加accessDecisionManager:
<bean id="accessDecisionManager" class="net.sf.acegisecurity.vote.AffirmativeBased">
<property name="allowIfAllAbstainDecisions">
<value>false</value>
</property>
<property name="decisionVoters">
<list><ref bean="roleVoter"/></list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="roleVoter" class="net.sf.acegisecurity.vote.RoleVoter"/>
6) 添加authenticationProcessingFilterEntryPoint:
<bean id="authenticationProcessingFilterEntryPoint"
class="net.sf.acegisecurity.ui.webapp.AuthenticationProcessingFilterEntryPoint">
<property name="loginFormUrl"><value>/acegilogin.jsp</value></property>
<property name="forceHttps"><value>false</value></property>
</bean>
其中acegilogin.jsp是登陆页面,一个最简单的登录页面如下:
<%@ taglib prefix='c' uri='http://java.sun.com/jstl/core' %>
<%@ page import="net.sf.acegisecurity.ui.AbstractProcessingFilter" %>
<%@ page import="net.sf.acegisecurity.AuthenticationException" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Login</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Login</h1>
<form action="<c:url value='j_acegi_security_check'/>" method="POST">
<table>
<tr><td>User:</td><td><input type='text' name='j_username'></td></tr>
<tr><td>Password:</td><td><input type='password' name='j_password'></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan='2'><input name="submit" type="submit"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan='2'><input name="reset" type="reset"></td></tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
7) 添加filterInvocationInterceptor:
<bean id="filterInvocationInterceptor"
class="net.sf.acegisecurity.intercept.web.FilterSecurityInterceptor">
<property name="authenticationManager">
<ref bean="authenticationManager"/>
</property>
<property name="accessDecisionManager">
<ref bean="accessDecisionManager"/>
</property>
<property name="objectDefinitionSource">
<value>
CONVERT_URL_TO_LOWERCASE_BEFORE_COMPARISON
/A/sec/administrator.*/Z=ROLE_SUPERVISOR
/A/sec/user.*/Z=ROLE_TELLER
</value>
</property>
</bean>
这里请注意,要objectDefinitionSource中定义哪些页面需要权限访问,需要根据自己的应用需求进行修改,我上面给出
的定义的意思是这样的:
a. CONVERT_URL_TO_LOWERCASE_BEFORE_COMPARISON意思是在比较请求路径时全部转换为小写
b. /A/sec/administrator.*/Z=ROLE_SUPERVISOR意思是只有权限为ROLE_SUPERVISOR才能访问/sec/administrator*的页面
c. /A/sec/user.*/Z=ROLE_TELLER意思是只有权限为ROLE_TELLER的用户才能访问/sec/user*的页面
8) 添加securityEnforcementFilter:
<bean id="securityEnforcementFilter" class="net.sf.acegisecurity.intercept.web.SecurityEnforcementFilter">
<property name="filterSecurityInterceptor">
<ref bean="filterInvocationInterceptor"/>
</property>
<property name="authenticationEntryPoint">
<ref bean="authenticationProcessingFilterEntryPoint"/>
</property>
</bean>
9) 添加authenticationProcessingFilter:
<bean id="authenticationProcessingFilter"
class="net.sf.acegisecurity.ui.webapp.AuthenticationProcessingFilter">
<property name="authenticationManager">
<ref bean="authenticationManager"/>
</property>
<property name="authenticationFailureUrl">
<value>/loginerror.jsp</value>
</property>
<property name="defaultTargetUrl">
<value>/</value>
</property>
<property name="filterProcessesUrl">
<value>/j_acegi_security_check</value>
</property>
</bean>
其中authenticationFailureUrl是认证失败的页面。
10) 如果需要一些页面通过安全通道的话,添加下面的配置:
<bean id="channelProcessingFilter" class="net.sf.acegisecurity.securechannel.ChannelProcessingFilter">
<property name="channelDecisionManager">
<ref bean="channelDecisionManager"/>
</property>
<property name="filterInvocationDefinitionSource">
<value>
CONVERT_URL_TO_LOWERCASE_BEFORE_COMPARISON
/A/sec/administrator.*/Z=REQUIRES_SECURE_CHANNEL
/A/acegilogin.jsp.*/Z=REQUIRES_SECURE_CHANNEL
/A/j_acegi_security_check.*/Z=REQUIRES_SECURE_CHANNEL
/A.*/Z=REQUIRES_INSECURE_CHANNEL
</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="channelDecisionManager" class="net.sf.acegisecurity.securechannel.ChannelDecisionManagerImpl">
<property name="channelProcessors">
<list>
<ref bean="secureChannelProcessor"/>
<ref bean="insecureChannelProcessor"/>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="secureChannelProcessor" class="net.sf.acegisecurity.securechannel.SecureChannelProcessor"/>
<bean id="insecureChannelProcessor" class="net.sf.acegisecurity.securechannel.InsecureChannelProcessor"/>
[缺少了什么?]
Acegi目前提供了两种"secure object",分别对页面和方法进行安全认证管理,我这里介绍的只是利用
FilterSecurityInterceptor对访问页面的权限控制,除此之外,Acegi还提供了另外一个Interceptor——
MethodSecurityInterceptor,它结合runAsManager可实现对对象中的方法的权限控制,使用方法可参看Acegi自带的文档
和contact范例。
[最后要说的]
本来以为只是说明如何使用Acegi而已,应该非常简单,但真正写起来才发现想要条理清楚的理顺所有需要的bean还是很
困难的,但愿我没有遗漏太多东西,如果我的文章有什么遗漏或错误的话,还请参看Acegi自带的quick-start范例,但请
注意,这个范例是不能直接拿来用的。