Java数据库连接池（经典）

 网上偶然发现的一段代码，备受好评，做了一次尝试，果然经典

 

package myDB;

import java.io.*;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.Date;

public class DBConnectionManager {
	static private DBConnectionManager instance; // 唯一实例
	static private int clients;

	private Vector drivers = new Vector();
	private PrintWriter log;
	private Hashtable pools = new Hashtable();

	/**
	* 返回唯一实例.如果是第一次调用此方法,则创建实例
	*
	* @return DBConnectionManager 唯一实例
	*/
	static synchronized public DBConnectionManager getInstance() {
	if (instance == null) {
	instance = new DBConnectionManager();
	}
	clients++;
	return instance;
	}

	/**
	* 建构函数私有以防止其它对象创建本类实例
	*/
	private DBConnectionManager() {
	init();
	}

	/**
	* 将连接对象返回给由名字指定的连接池
	*
	* @param name 在属性文件中定义的连接池名字
	* @param con 连接对象
	*/
	public void freeConnection(String name, Connection con) {
	DBConnectionPool pool = (DBConnectionPool) pools.get(name);
	if (pool != null) {
	pool.freeConnection(con);
	}
	}

	/**
	* 获得一个可用的(空闲的)连接.如果没有可用连接,且已有连接数小于最大连接数
	* 限制,则创建并返回新连接
	*
	* @param name 在属性文件中定义的连接池名字
	* @return Connection 可用连接或null
	*/
	public Connection getConnection(String name) {
	DBConnectionPool pool = (DBConnectionPool) pools.get(name);
	if (pool != null) {
	return pool.getConnection();
	}
	return null;
	}

	/**
	* 获得一个可用连接.若没有可用连接,且已有连接数小于最大连接数限制,
	* 则创建并返回新连接.否则,在指定的时间内等待其它线程释放连接.
	*
	* @param name 连接池名字
	* @param time 以毫秒计的等待时间
	* @return Connection 可用连接或null
	*/
	public Connection getConnection(String name, long time) {
	DBConnectionPool pool = (DBConnectionPool) pools.get(name);
	if (pool != null) {
	return pool.getConnection(time);
	}
	return null;
	}

	public int getClient(){
	 return clients;
	}

	/**
	* 关闭所有连接,撤销驱动程序的注册
	*/
	public synchronized void release() {
	// 等待直到最后一个客户程序调用
	if (--clients != 0) {
	return;
	}

	Enumeration allPools = pools.elements();
	while (allPools.hasMoreElements()) {
	DBConnectionPool pool = (DBConnectionPool) allPools.nextElement();
	pool.release();
	}
	Enumeration allDrivers = drivers.elements();
	while (allDrivers.hasMoreElements()) {
	Driver driver = (Driver) allDrivers.nextElement();
	try {
	DriverManager.deregisterDriver(driver);
	log("撤销JDBC驱动程序 " + driver.getClass().getName()+"的注册");
	}
	catch (SQLException e) {
	log(e, "无法撤销下列JDBC驱动程序的注册: " + driver.getClass().getName());
	}
	}
	}

	/**
	* 根据指定属性创建连接池实例.
	*
	* @param props 连接池属性
	*/
	private void createPools(Properties props) {
	Enumeration propNames = props.propertyNames();
	while (propNames.hasMoreElements()) {
	String name = (String)propNames.nextElement();
	if (name.endsWith(".url")) {
	String poolName = name.substring(0, name.lastIndexOf("."));
	String url = props.getProperty(poolName + ".url");
	if (url == null) {
	log("没有为连接池" + poolName + "指定URL");
	continue;
	}
	String user = props.getProperty(poolName + ".user");
	String password = props.getProperty(poolName + ".password");
	String maxconn = props.getProperty(poolName + ".maxconn", "0");
	 
	int max;
	try {
	max = Integer.valueOf(maxconn).intValue();
	}
	catch (NumberFormatException e) {
	log("错误的最大连接数限制: " + maxconn + " .连接池: " + poolName);
	max = 0;
	}
	DBConnectionPool pool =
	new DBConnectionPool(poolName, url, user, password, max);
	pools.put(poolName, pool);
	log("成功创建连接池" + poolName);
	}
	}
	}

	/**
	* 读取属性完成初始化
	*/
	private void init() {
	InputStream is = getClass().getResourceAsStream("/db.properties");
	Properties dbProps = new Properties();
	try {
	dbProps.load(is);
	System.out.print("读取数据成功！");
	}
	catch (Exception e) {
	System.err.println("不能读取属性文件. " +
	"请确保db.properties在CLASSPATH指定的路径中");
	return;
	}
	String logFile = dbProps.getProperty("logfile", "DBConnectionManager.log");
	System.out.print(logFile);
	try {
	log = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(logFile, true), true);
	}
	catch (IOException e) {
	System.err.println("无法打开日志文件: " + logFile);
	log = new PrintWriter(System.err);
	}
	loadDrivers(dbProps);
	createPools(dbProps);
	}

	/**
	* 装载和注册所有JDBC驱动程序
	*
	* @param props 属性
	*/
	private void loadDrivers(Properties props) {
	String driverClasses = props.getProperty("drivers");
	StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(driverClasses);
	while (st.hasMoreElements()) {
	String driverClassName = st.nextToken().trim();
	try {
	Driver driver = (Driver)
	Class.forName(driverClassName).newInstance();
	DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
	drivers.addElement(driver);
	log("成功注册JDBC驱动程序" + driverClassName);
	}
	catch (Exception e) {
	log("无法注册JDBC驱动程序: " +
	driverClassName + ", 错误: " + e);
	}
	}
	}

	/**
	* 将文本信息写入日志文件
	*/
	private void log(String msg) {
	log.println(new Date() + ": " + msg);
	}

	/**
	* 将文本信息与异常写入日志文件
	*/
	private void log(Throwable e, String msg) {
	log.println(new Date() + ": " + msg);
	e.printStackTrace(log);
	}

	/**
	* 此内部类定义了一个连接池.它能够根据要求创建新连接,直到预定的最
	* 大连接数为止.在返回连接给客户程序之前,它能够验证连接的有效性.
	*/
	class DBConnectionPool {
	private int checkedOut;
	private Vector freeConnections = new Vector();
	private int maxConn;
	private String name;
	private String password;
	private String URL;
	private String user;

	/**
	* 创建新的连接池
	*
	* @param name 连接池名字
	* @param URL 数据库的JDBC URL
	* @param user 数据库帐号,或 null
	* @param password 密码,或 null
	* @param maxConn 此连接池允许建立的最大连接数
	*/
	public DBConnectionPool(String name, String URL, String user, String password,
	int maxConn) {
	this.name = name;
	this.URL = URL;
	this.user = user;
	this.password = password;
	this.maxConn = maxConn;
	}

	/**
	* 将不再使用的连接返回给连接池
	*
	* @param con 客户程序释放的连接
	*/
	public synchronized void freeConnection(Connection con) {
	// 将指定连接加入到向量末尾
	freeConnections.addElement(con);
	checkedOut--;
	notifyAll();
	}

	/**
	* 从连接池获得一个可用连接.如没有空闲的连接且当前连接数小于最大连接
	* 数限制,则创建新连接.如原来登记为可用的连接不再有效,则从向量删除之,
	* 然后递归调用自己以尝试新的可用连接.
	*/
	public synchronized Connection getConnection() {
	Connection con = null;
	if (freeConnections.size() > 0) {
	// 获取向量中第一个可用连接
	con = (Connection) freeConnections.firstElement();
	freeConnections.removeElementAt(0);
	try {
	if (con.isClosed()) {
	log("从连接池" + name+"删除一个无效连接");
	// 递归调用自己,尝试再次获取可用连接
	con = getConnection();
	}
	}
	catch (SQLException e) {
	log("从连接池" + name+"删除一个无效连接");
	// 递归调用自己,尝试再次获取可用连接
	con = getConnection();
	}
	}
	else if (maxConn == 0 || checkedOut < maxConn) {
	con = newConnection();
	}
	if (con != null) {
	checkedOut++;
	}
	return con;
	}

	/**
	* 从连接池获取可用连接.可以指定客户程序能够等待的最长时间
	* 参见前一个getConnection()方法.
	*
	* @param timeout 以毫秒计的等待时间限制
	*/
	public synchronized Connection getConnection(long timeout) {
	long startTime = new Date().getTime();
	Connection con;
	while ((con = getConnection()) == null) {
	try {
	wait(timeout);
	}
	catch (InterruptedException e) {}
	if ((new Date().getTime() - startTime) >= timeout) {
	// wait()返回的原因是超时
	return null;
	}
	}
	return con;
	}

	/**
	* 关闭所有连接
	*/
	public synchronized void release() {
	Enumeration allConnections = freeConnections.elements();
	while (allConnections.hasMoreElements()) {
	Connection con = (Connection) allConnections.nextElement();
	try {
	con.close();
	log("关闭连接池" + name+"中的一个连接");
	}
	catch (SQLException e) {
	log(e, "无法关闭连接池" + name+"中的连接");
	}
	}
	freeConnections.removeAllElements();
	}

	/**
	* 创建新的连接
	*/
	private Connection newConnection() {
	Connection con = null;
	try {
	if (user == null) {
	con = DriverManager.getConnection(URL);
	}
	else {
	con = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, user, password);
	}
	log("连接池" + name+"创建一个新的连接");
	}
	catch (SQLException e) {
	log(e, "无法创建下列URL的连接: " + URL);
	return null;
	}
	return con;
	}
	}
}

 

1、创建web项目（MyEclipse）

 

 2、web服务器使用Tomcat（XP环境），测试数据库使用oracle（XP环境），mysql（Ubuntu环境）

 

 3、将上面的java代码引入web项目的src中

 

 4、引入oracle、mysql的jdbc驱动

 

 5、 在src下创建文件db.properties，内容如下（注意后缀名是properties）

 

 

 

 其中oracle测试数据库、oracle用户名、oracle密码、root密码根据自己情况填写

 

 6、jsp代码

 

 

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page import="java.sql.*"%>
<%@ page import="myDB.DBConnectionManager"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
	<head>
		<base href="<%=basePath%>">

		<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
		<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
		<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
		<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
		<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
		<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
		<!--
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
	-->
	</head>

	<body>
		This is my JSP page.
		<br>
<%
try
 {
  DBConnectionManager dbM = DBConnectionManager.getInstance(); //单例模式，只是在第一次调用该方法时生成实例，在服务器中该类只保存一个实例
  out.println("JAVA连接池类测试<br/>");
  Connection con = dbM.getConnection("mysqldb");//mysqldb是db.properties配置文件中设置的
  out.print(dbM.getClient());
  if (con == null)
  {
   out.println("不能获取数据库连接.");
   //dbM.release();
  }
  else
  {
   Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
   ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("select * from first_table");
   while (rs.next())
   {
    out.print(rs.getString(1));
    out.print("<br/>");
   }
   rs.close();
   stmt.close();
   dbM.freeConnection("mysqldb", con);
   
  }
  
  Connection oraclecon = dbM.getConnection("oracledb");//oracledb是db.properties配置文件中设置的
  out.print(dbM.getClient());
  if (oraclecon == null)
  {
   out.println("不能获取数据库连接.");
   //dbM.release();
  }
  else
  {
   Statement stmt = oraclecon.createStatement();
   ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("select * from on_campus_student where rownum<=5");
   while (rs.next())
   {
    out.print(rs.getString(1));
    out.print("<br/>");
   }
   rs.close();
   stmt.close();
   dbM.freeConnection("oracledb", oraclecon);
   
  }
 } catch (Exception ee)
 {
  out.print(ee.getMessage());
 }
%>
	</body>
</html>

 

 7、可以方便的获得各种数据库连接（预先在db.properties中配置） 

 

 com.mysql.jdbc.Driver oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver

 

 不同数据库之间用空格隔开即可