String.format性能问题

测试String.format / StringBuilder / StringBuffer的性能

@Test
    public void tesformat(){

        int cap = 1000000;
        List<String> l1 = new ArrayList<>(cap);
        
        for(int i = 0; i < cap; i++){
            String s1 = String.format("string_%d",i);
            l1.add(s1);
        }

        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for(int i = 0 ;i < cap; i++){
            int ii1 = 5 * i;
            long ll1 = 10l * i;
            String k = String.format("%s:%d:%d:%s", l1.get(i), ii1, ll1, "null");
        }
        long tick = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
        System.out.println("format:" + tick);

        start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for(int i = 0 ;i < cap; i++){
            int ii1 = 5 * i;
            long ll1 = 10l * i;
            String k = l1.get(i) + ":" + ii1 + ":" + ll1 + ":" + "null";
        }
        tick = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
        System.out.println("+++:" + tick);

        start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for(int i = 0 ;i < cap; i++){
            int ii1 = 5 * i;
            long ll1 = 10l * i;
            StringBuilder builder1 = new StringBuilder();
            builder1.append(l1.get(i));
            builder1.append(":");
            builder1.append(ii1);
            builder1.append(":").append(ll1);
            builder1.append(":").append("null");
            String k = builder1.toString();
        }
        tick = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
        System.out.println("StringBuilder:" + tick);


        start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for(int i = 0 ;i < cap; i++){
            int ii1 = 5 * i;
            long ll1 = 10l * i;
            StringBuffer builder = new StringBuffer();
            builder.append(l1.get(i));
            builder.append(":");
            builder.append(ii1);
            builder.append(":").append(ll1);
            builder.append(":").append("null");
            String k = builder.toString();
        }
        tick = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
        System.out.println("StringBuffer:" + tick);

    }

输出结果如下：format 性能较差，“+”编译时被优化，基本与StringBuilder持平

Connected to the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:36210', transport: 'socket'
format:1619
+++:87
StringBuilder:89
StringBuffer:174
Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:36210', transport: 'socket'

Process finished with exit code 0