CF图论一--Roads not only in Berland--思维+并查集

D. Roads not only in Berland

time limit per test

2 seconds

memory limit per test

256 megabytes

input

standard input

output

standard output

Berland Government decided to improve relations with neighboring countries. First of all, it was decided to build new roads so that from each city of Berland and neighboring countries it became possible to reach all the others. There are n cities in Berland and neighboring countries in total and exactly n - 1 two-way roads. Because of the recent financial crisis, the Berland Government is strongly pressed for money, so to build a new road it has to close some of the existing ones. Every day it is possible to close one existing road and immediately build a new one. Your task is to determine how many days would be needed to rebuild roads so that from each city it became possible to reach all the others, and to draw a plan of closure of old roads and building of new ones.

Input

The first line contains integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 1000) — amount of cities in Berland and neighboring countries. Next n - 1 lines contain the description of roads. Each road is described by two space-separated integers ai, bi (1 ≤ ai, bi ≤ n, ai ≠ bi) — pair of cities, which the road connects. It can't be more than one road between a pair of cities. No road connects the city with itself.

Output

Output the answer, number t — what is the least amount of days needed to rebuild roads so that from each city it became possible to reach all the others. Then output t lines — the plan of closure of old roads and building of new ones. Each line should describe one day in the format i j u v — it means that road between cities i and j became closed and a new road between cities u and v is built. Cities are numbered from 1. If the answer is not unique, output any.

Examples

input

Copy

2
1 2

output

Copy

0

input

Copy

7
1 2
2 3
3 1
4 5
5 6
6 7

output

Copy

1
3 1 3 7

在进行输入边的时候，判断两者  根  是否相同，如果相同，则肯定要删除的，把它加到答案里。

然后再次枚举两个点，如果他们的根不同，说明要加入答案中。

开一个结构体，存储答案。

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long
const int maxn=1000+66;
const ll mod=1e9+7;
int n;
struct node
{
    int i;
    int j;
    int u;
    int v;
} a[maxn];
int f[maxn];
int finds(int x)
{
    return f[x]==x?x:f[x]=finds(f[x]);
}
int main()
{
    scanf("%d",&n);
    int len=0;
    for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)
        f[i]=i;
    for(int i=1; i<=n-1; i++)
    {
        int u,v;
        scanf("%d %d",&u,&v);
        int fx=finds(u);
        int fy=finds(v);
        if(fx==fy&&!vis[fx])
        {
            a[++len].i=u;
            a[len].j=v;
        }
        else
        {
            f[fx]=fy;
        }
    }
    int num=len;
    for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)finds(i);
    for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)
    {
        for(int j=1; j<=n; j++)
        {
            int fx=finds(i);
            int fy=finds(j);
            if(fx!=fy)
            {
                a[len].u=i;
                a[len].v=j;//新边
                len--;
                f[fx]=fy;//---
            }
        }
    }
    printf("%d\n",num);
    for(int i=1;i<=num;i++)
    {
        printf("%d %d %d %d\n",a[i].i,a[i].j,a[i].u,a[i].v);
    }
}