php生成器

/**
 * 生成器
 * 提供一种简单的方法来实现简单的迭代器，而不用为实现迭代器接口那样去定义复杂的和大开销的类
 * 允许用foreach来迭代数据集，而不用在内存中建立数组，内存中建立数组会导致内存超限制，并且需要大量的处理时间来生成数组
 * 切记：生成器函数的执行会延迟到迭代它的结果开始时
 * 生成器不能够有返回值，这会导致一个编译错误。但空的返回语句在生成器内部是符合语法的，它会终止生成器
 * 生成器只能迭代一次，不能多次迭代
 */

//eg1:
$some_state = 'initial';

function gen() {
	global $some_state;
	$some_state = 'changed';
}

function peek_state() {
	global $some_state;
	echo "\$some_state = $some_state";	
}

gen();
peek_state();	//$some_state = 'changed'


//eg1-1:
$some_state = 'initial';

function gen() {
	global $some_state;
	$some_state = 'changed';
	yield 1;
	yield 2;
}

function peek_state() {
	global $some_state;
	echo "\$some_state = $some_state\n";
}

$result = gen();
peek_state();	//$some_state = 'initial'，生成器函数的执行会延迟到迭代它的结果开始时
foreach($result as $val) {
	echo "iteration: $val\n";
	echo "\$some_state = $some_state\n";	//iteration: 1 $some_state = changed iteration: 2 $some_state = changed 
}

//eg1-2:生成器只能迭代一次，再次迭代报错
foreach($result as $val) {
	echo $val;
}


/*
 * eg2:
 * Note that we can change $number within the loop, and
 * because the generator is yielding references, $value
 * within gen_reference() changes.
 */
function &gen_reference() {
    $value = 3;

    while ($value > 0) {
        yield $value;
    }
}

foreach (gen_reference() as &$number) {
    echo (--$number).'... ';
}


/**
 * eg3:Fibonacci斐波纳契数列
 * @param type $item
 */
function fibonacci($item) {
    $a = 0;
    $b = 1;
    for ($i = 0; $i < $item; $i++) {
        
        $a = $b - $a;
        $b = $a + $b;
	yield $a;
    }
}

$fibo = fibonacci(10);
foreach ($fibo as $value) {
    echo "$value\n";
}


/**
 * eg4:预加载缓存机制
 */
class CachedGenerator {
    protected $cache = [];
    protected $generator = null;

    public function __construct($generator) {
        $this->generator = $generator;
    }

    public function generator() {
        foreach($this->cache as $item) yield $item;

        while( $this->generator->valid() ) {
            $this->cache[] = $current = $this->generator->current();
            $this->generator->next();
            yield $current;
        }
    }
}
class Foobar {
    protected $loader = null;

    protected function loadItems() {
        foreach(range(0,10) as $i) {
            usleep(200000);
            yield $i;
	    echo 'a';
        }
    }

    public function getItems() {
        $this->loader = $this->loader ?: new CachedGenerator($this->loadItems());
        return $this->loader->generator();
    }
}

$f = new Foobar;

# First
print "First\n";
foreach($f->getItems() as $i) {
    print $i . "\n";
    if( $i == 5 ) {
        break;
    }
}

# Second (items 1-5 are cached, 6-10 are loaded)
print "Second\n";
foreach($f->getItems() as $i) {
    print $i . "\n";
}

# Third (all items are cached and returned instantly)
print "Third\n";
foreach($f->getItems() as $i) {
    print $i . "\n";
}