SQL server中转置函数（列转行PIVOT()函数、行转列UNPIVOT()函数）

首先，通过两个表格说明本次要讲解的为什么要使用这两个函数？

图一：

时间	机构号	销售渠道	保费A	保费B	保费C	保费D
statdate	branch_code	mgr	longinsA	longinsB	longinsC	longinsD
20190201	110000	1	100	100	100	100
20190201	110000	2	100	100	100	100
20190201	110000	3	100	100	100	100

图二：

时间	机构号	保费项目	1个险渠道	2银保渠道	3团险渠道
20190201	110000	保费A	100	100	100
20190201	110000	保费B	100	100	100
20190201	110000	保费C	100	100	100
20190201	110000	保费D	100	100	100

客户的需求，就是希望行标题和列标题互换：保费项目和销售渠道对角线转置。

一、创建测试表：

create table  test_hangzhuanlie(
statdate varchar(8),--统计日期
branch_code varchar(6),--机构编号
mgr varchar(2),--销售渠道
longinsA [decimal](20, 2),--保费A
longinsB [decimal](20, 2),--保费B
longinsC [decimal](20, 2),--保费C
longinsD [decimal](20, 2),--保费D
stamp datetime--时间戳
)

二、增加测试数据：

--select * from test_hangzhuanlie
insert into test_hangzhuanlie (statdate, branch_code, mgr, longinsA, longinsB , longinsC, longinsD, stamp) 
values ('20190201', '110000', '1', '100', '100', '100', '100', GETDATE())
insert into test_hangzhuanlie (statdate, branch_code, mgr, longinsA, longinsB , longinsC, longinsD, stamp) 
values ('20190201', '120000', '1', '200', '200', '200', '200', GETDATE())
insert into test_hangzhuanlie (statdate, branch_code, mgr, longinsA, longinsB , longinsC, longinsD, stamp) 
values ('20190201', '130000', '1', '300', '300', '300', '300', GETDATE())
insert into test_hangzhuanlie (statdate, branch_code, mgr, longinsA, longinsB , longinsC, longinsD, stamp) 
values ('20190201', '140000', '1', '400', '400', '400', '400', GETDATE())
insert into test_hangzhuanlie (statdate, branch_code, mgr, longinsA, longinsB , longinsC, longinsD, stamp) 
values ('20190201', '150000', '1', '500', '500', '500', '500', GETDATE())

insert into test_hangzhuanlie (statdate, branch_code, mgr, longinsA, longinsB , longinsC, longinsD, stamp) 
values ('20190201', '110000', '2', '100', '100', '100', '100', GETDATE())
insert into test_hangzhuanlie (statdate, branch_code, mgr, longinsA, longinsB , longinsC, longinsD, stamp) 
values ('20190201', '120000', '2', '200', '200', '200', '200', GETDATE())
insert into test_hangzhuanlie (statdate, branch_code, mgr, longinsA, longinsB , longinsC, longinsD, stamp) 
values ('20190201', '130000', '2', '300', '300', '300', '300', GETDATE())
insert into test_hangzhuanlie (statdate, branch_code, mgr, longinsA, longinsB , longinsC, longinsD, stamp) 
values ('20190201', '140000', '2', '400', '400', '400', '400', GETDATE())
insert into test_hangzhuanlie (statdate, branch_code, mgr, longinsA, longinsB , longinsC, longinsD, stamp) 
values ('20190201', '150000', '2', '500', '500', '500', '500', GETDATE())

insert into test_hangzhuanlie (statdate, branch_code, mgr, longinsA, longinsB , longinsC, longinsD, stamp) 
values ('20190201', '110000', '3', '100', '100', '100', '100', GETDATE())
insert into test_hangzhuanlie (statdate, branch_code, mgr, longinsA, longinsB , longinsC, longinsD, stamp) 
values ('20190201', '120000', '3', '200', '200', '200', '200', GETDATE())
insert into test_hangzhuanlie (statdate, branch_code, mgr, longinsA, longinsB , longinsC, longinsD, stamp) 
values ('20190201', '130000', '3', '300', '300', '300', '300', GETDATE())
insert into test_hangzhuanlie (statdate, branch_code, mgr, longinsA, longinsB , longinsC, longinsD, stamp) 
values ('20190201', '140000', '3', '400', '400', '400', '400', GETDATE())
insert into test_hangzhuanlie (statdate, branch_code, mgr, longinsA, longinsB , longinsC, longinsD, stamp) 
values ('20190201', '150000', '3', '500', '500', '500', '500', GETDATE())

三、通过两个函数求得所要求的数据展示表格：

select statdate, branch_code, name， [1] as '1个险渠道', [2] as '2银保渠道', [3] as '3团险渠道'
from
(
select * from 
(
select statdate, branch_code, mgr, target, 
	case 
		when [column] = 'longinsA' then '保费A'
		when [column] = 'longinsB' then '保费B'
		when [column] = 'longinsC' then '保费C'
		when [column] = 'longinsD' then '保费D'
	end as name
from 
(		
select statdate, branch_code, mgr, 
SUM(longinsA) as longinsA, SUM(longinsB) as longinsB, SUM(longinsC) as longinsC, SUM(longinsD) as longinsD
from test_hangzhuanlie a group by statdate, branch_code, mgr
) a
unpivot (target FOR [column] IN ([longinsA], [longinsB], [longinsC], [longinsD])) AS t
) b
pivot(max(target) for mgr in ([1],[2],[3])) p
) x

总结：通过两个函数就可以得到上面要求的表格格式。