python学习笔记四 数据结构

在 Python 中有四种内建的数据结构 —— 列表、元组、字典和集合。

例一：列表

代码示例：

<span style="font-size:10px;">shoplist = ['apple', 'mango', 'carrot', 'banana']
print('I have {0} items to purchase.'.format(len(shoplist)))
print('These items are:')
for item in shoplist:
    print(item)</span>

输出结果为：

I have 4 items to purchase.
These items are:
apple
mango
carrot
banana

例二：元组

代码示例：

zoo = ('python', 'elephant', 'penguin') # remember the parentheses are optional

print('Number of animals in the zoo is', len(zoo))

new_zoo = ('monkey', 'camel', zoo)
print('Number of cages in the new zoo is {0}'.format( len(new_zoo)))
print('All animals in new zoo are {0}'.format(len(new_zoo)))
print('Animals brought from old zoo are {}'.format(new_zoo[2]))
print('Last animal brought from old zoo is {}'.format(new_zoo[2][2]))
print('Number of animals in the new zoo is {}'.format(len(new_zoo)-1+len(
new_zoo[2])))

输出结果：

('Number of animals in the zoo is', 3)
Number of cages in the new zoo is 3
All animals in new zoo are 3
Animals brought from old zoo are ('python', 'elephant', 'penguin')
Last animal brought from old zoo is penguin
Number of animals in the new zoo is 5

例三：字典

代码示例：

ab = { 'Swaroop' : 'swaroop@swaroopch.com',
'Larry' : 'larry@wall.org',
'Matsumoto' : 'matz@ruby-lang.org',
'Spammer' : 'spammer@hotmail.com'
}

print("Swaroop's address is", ab['Swaroop'])
# Deleting a key-value pair
del ab['Spammer']

print('\nThere are {0} contacts in the address-book\n'.format(len(
ab)))
for name, address in ab.items():
    print('Contact {0} at {1}'.format(name, address))

# Adding a key-value pair
ab['Guido'] = 'guido@python.org'
if 'Guido' in ab: # OR ab.has_key('Guido')
    print("Guido's address is {0}".format(ab['Guido']))

输出结果为：

There are 3 contacts in the address-book


Contact Swaroop at swaroop@swaroopch.com
Contact Matsumoto at matz@ruby-lang.org
Contact Larry at larry@wall.org
Guido's address is guido@python.org