SpringBoot第二篇：通过JPA访问数据库

说明：JPA到底是什么，我也没有很透彻的理解。先熟练应用再说。

照例，先上目录结构

细心的会发现，与上一篇相比，config等包都放进了com.cxs这个目录下了。之所以这么干，是为了重点体会一下application.javal里的@ComponentScan注解。application.java是SpringBoot的入口类，在这个类上加一个注解，SpringBoot就会自动取扫面这个路径下的包，碰到哪些标着@service、@controller、@entity的类就会把他们的bean注入到spring容器里。（如果对这段话不是很理解，建议按照第一篇的目录结构走，亲身错一波就大概知道是怎么回事了。不体验，无真相）。

下面上代码

一、引入依赖

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.springboot</groupId>
    <artifactId>springtest</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <!--引入parent-->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.1.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

   <dependencies>
        <!--SpringBoot必要依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--JPA-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>

       <!--MySql连接-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.15</version>
        </dependency>


</dependencies>

</project>

 

二、src下的各个包

1、config包

Application.java

package com.cxs.config;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

@SpringBootApplication
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.cxs")
public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class,args);
    }
}

说明：这个是springBoot项目的入口。注意：@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.cxs")，这是一个坑。自动扫描的这个包一定要包含住哪些含有@controller、@service的类，不然会报错。



JpaConfiguration.java

package com.cxs.config;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;

/**
 * Created by Chenxs on 2019/06/28.
 */
@Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement(proxyTargetClass = true)
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "com.cxs.repository")
@EntityScan(basePackages = "com.cxs.entity")
public class JpaConfiguration {
    @Bean
    PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor persistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor(){
        return new PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor();
    }
}

2、controller

UserController.java

package com.cxs.controller;


import com.cxs.entity.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import com.cxs.service.UserService;

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/user")
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
 private UserService userService;
    
    @RequestMapping(value = "/index")
    @ResponseBody
    public String Hello() {
      return "hello";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/show", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public String findUserByName(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name) {
     User user=  userService.findUserByName(name);
        if (null != user)
            return "ID:"+ user.getUserId() + "--------------------用户名：" + user.getUserName()+ "--------------------密码：" + user.getPassword();
        else return "null";
    }

}

说明：controller是与浏览器访问地址向关联的，可以看成负责跳转的。

 

 

3.entity

User.java

package com.cxs.entity;

import javax.persistence.*;



@Entity
@Table(name = "tbl_user")
public class User {


    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private long userId;
    private String userName;
    private String password;

    public long getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }

    public void setUserId(long userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }


    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

说明：这是一个和数据库表相对应的类。

 

4.respository

package com.cxs.repository;

import com.cxs.entity.User;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> {
    @Query("select t from User t where t.userName = :userName")
    User findByUserName(@Param("userName") String userName);
}

说明：这个类用来操作上一个类的对象。

 

5.service

UserService.java

package com.cxs.service;


import com.cxs.entity.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.cxs.repository.UserRepository;

/**
 * Created by Song on 2017/2/15.
 * User业务逻辑
 */
@Service
public class UserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepositoty;

    public User findUserByName(String name){
        User user = null;
        try{
            user = userRepositoty.findByUserName(name);
        }catch (Exception e){}
        return user;
    }
}

说明：这一块是处理业务逻辑的

 

三、application.properties

#命名空间
server.context-path=/demo
#端口号
server.port=8090



#MySQL
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cx?characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=UTC
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root

#Spring Data JPA
spring.jpa.database=MYSQL
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
# Naming strategy
spring.jpa.hibernate.naming-strategy = org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy
# stripped before adding them to the entity manager)
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect

四、访问

http://localhost:8090/demo/user/show?name=*****