一、前言
1、之前写过很多 SpringBoot 使用 JPA 实现 dao 层的 CRUD:
[增删改查] SpringBoot+JPA+EasyUI+MySQL 基本 CURD
但基本都是单表的
2、而实际开发中,最常见的就是 一对多/多对一
的关系,
3、实现 JPA 多表的 CRUD 的方式主要有两种:
① 使另一个实体为另一个实体的属性,成对使用注解 @ManyToOne、@JoinColumn
就可以了,如:
@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name="webSiteId")
private WebSite webSite; // 网站
② 另外一种就是,不使用上述的关系,直接绑定 Integer
类型的主外键即可,相对上面,简单多了,但是人为编写 Service/Controller
层 CRUD 容易出现逻辑不严谨的现象,下面会涉及到
如:
@Column(name="department_id")
private Integer departmentId; //学生的宿舍外键
二、代码
https://github.com/larger5/SpringBootJPA.git
1、代码结构
2、pom
①生成接口测试文档
<!-- swagger生成接口API -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
<version>2.7.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 接口API生成html文档 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
<version>2.6.1</version>
</dependency>
②MySQL、JPA、web
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
3、yml 全局配置文件
server:
port: 80 #为了以后访问项目不用写端口号
context-path: / #为了以后访问项目不用写项目名
spring:
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8 #解决中文乱码的问题
username: root
password: 123
jpa:
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update #数据库同步代码
show-sql: true #dao操作时,显示sql语句
4、实体
①学生
package com.cun.entity;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name = "t_student")
public class Student {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Integer id;
@Column(length = 100,name="name")
private String name;
@Column(name="department_id")
private Integer departmentId;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getDepartmentId() {
return departmentId;
}
public void setDepartmentId(Integer departmentId) {
this.departmentId = departmentId;
}
public Student() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
}
②宿舍
package com.cun.entity;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name = "t_department")
public class Department {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Integer id;
@Column(length = 100)
private String name;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Department() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
}
5、dao
①学生
package com.cun.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import com.cun.entity.Student;
public interface StudentDao extends JpaRepository<Student, Integer> {
@Query(value = "select * from t_student where department_id=?1", nativeQuery = true)
List<Student> getStudentsByDepartmentId(Integer id);
}
②宿舍
package com.cun.dao;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import com.cun.entity.Department;
public interface DepartmentDao extends JpaRepository<Department, Integer> {
}
6、Controller
①学生
package com.cun.controller;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.DeleteMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PutMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.cun.dao.DepartmentDao;
import com.cun.dao.StudentDao;
import com.cun.entity.Department;
import com.cun.entity.Student;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;
/**
* 主 Student CRUD
* ==>和单表的 CRUD 异同:
* ① insert(同)
* ② update(同)
* ③ delete(同)
* ④ select(异):关联查询
* @author linhongcun
*
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
@EnableSwagger2
public class StudentController {
@Autowired
private StudentDao studentDao;
@Autowired
private DepartmentDao departmentDao;
/**
* 1、增
* ①学生姓名
* ②宿舍 id
* @param student
*/
@PostMapping("/insert")
public void insertStudent(Student student) {
studentDao.save(student);
}
/**
* 2、根据id获取一个学生信息(个人、宿舍)
* @param id
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("/get/{id}")
public Map<String, Object> getStudent(@PathVariable Integer id) {
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
Student student = studentDao.findOne(id);
// 这一步很关键
Department department = departmentDao.findOne(student.getDepartmentId());
map.put("student", student);
map.put("department", department);
return map;
}
/**
* 3、删
* @param id
*/
@DeleteMapping("/delete/{id}")
public void deleteStudentById(@PathVariable Integer id) {
studentDao.delete(id);
}
/**
* 4、改
* @param student
*/
@PutMapping("/update")
public void updateStudent(Student student) {
studentDao.save(student);
}
/**
* 5、全
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("/all")
public List<Map<String, Object>> getAllStudent() {
List<Student> studentList = studentDao.findAll();
List<Map<String, Object>> list=new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>();
for (int i = 0; i < studentList.size(); i++) {
Map<String, Object> map1 = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map1.put("student", studentList.get(i));
map1.put("department", departmentDao.findOne(studentList.get(i).getDepartmentId()));
list.add(map1);
}
return list;
}
}
②宿舍
package com.cun.controller;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.DeleteMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PutMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.cun.dao.DepartmentDao;
import com.cun.dao.StudentDao;
import com.cun.entity.Department;
import com.cun.entity.Student;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;
/**
* 副 Department CRUD
* ==>和单表简单的 CURD 的异同:
* ① delete(异):有 id 作为 Student 的 departmentId 者不能删
* ② insert(同)
* ③ select(同)
* ④ update(同)
* @author linhongcun
*
*/
@EnableSwagger2
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/department")
public class DepartmentController {
@Autowired
private StudentDao studentDao;
@Autowired
private DepartmentDao departmentDao;
/**
* 1、增
* @param department
*/
@PostMapping("/insert")
public void insertDepartment(Department department) {
departmentDao.save(department);
}
/**
* 2、改
* @param department
*/
@PutMapping("/update")
public void updateDepartment(Department department) {
departmentDao.save(department);
}
/**
* 3、删(优化)
* @param id
* @return
*/
@DeleteMapping("/delete/{id}")
public Map<String, Object> deleteDepartment(@PathVariable Integer id) {
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
// 以下两步很关键
List<Student> studentsByDepartmentId = studentDao.getStudentsByDepartmentId(id);
if (studentsByDepartmentId.size() == 0) {
departmentDao.delete(id);
map.put("status", true);
} else {
map.put("status", false);
}
return map;
}
/**
* 4、全
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("/all")
public List<Department> getAllDepartment() {
return departmentDao.findAll();
}
/**
* 5、查
* @param id
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("/get/{id}")
public Department getDepartmentById(@PathVariable Integer id) {
return departmentDao.findOne(id);
}
}