题解 | Eddy Walk-2019牛客暑期多校训练营第二场A题

题目描述：
Eddy likes to walk around. Especially, he likes to walk in a loop called “Infinite loop”. But, actually, it’s just a loop with finite length(Anyway, the name doesn’t matter). Eddy can walk in a fixed length. He finds that it takes him N steps to walk through the loop a cycle. Then, he puts N marks on the “Infinite loop” labeled with 0, 1, …,N−1, where i and i+1 are a step away each other, so as 0 and N-1. After that, Eddy stands on the mark labeled 0 and start walking around. For each step, Eddy will independently uniformly randomly choose to move forward or backward. If currently Eddy is on the mark labeled i, he will on the mark labeled i+1 if move forward or i-1 if move backward. If Eddy is on the mark labeled N-1 and moves forward, he will stand on the mark labeled 0. If Eddy is on the mark labeled 0 and moves backward, he will stand on the mark labeled N-1.

Although, Eddy likes to walk around. He will get bored after he reaches each mark at least once. After that, Eddy will pick up all the marks, go back to work and stop walking around.

You, somehow, notice the weird convention Eddy is doing. And, you record T scenarios that Eddy walks around. For i-th scenario, you record two numbers N_i，M_i，where N_i tells that in the i-th scenario, Eddy can walk through the loop a cycle in exactly N_i steps(Yes! Eddy can walk in different fixed length for different day.). While M_i tells that you found that in the i-th scenario, after Eddy stands on the mark labeled M_i , he reached all the marks.

However, when you review your records, you are not sure whether the data is correct or even possible. Thus, you want to know the probability that those scenarios will happen.

Precisely, you are going to compute the probability that first i scenarios will happen sequentially for each i.

输入描述：
The first line of input contains an integers T.
Following T lines each contains two space-separated integers N_i and M_i

1≤T≤1021
0≤M_i≤N_i≤10⁹

输出描述：
Output T lines each contains an integer representing the probability that first i scenarios will happen sequentially. You should output the number module 10⁹+7(1000000007).
Suppose the probability is $\frac{P}{Q}$，the desired output will be P×Q^-1 mod 10⁹+7

示例1

输入
3
1 0
2 1
3 0

输出
1
1
0

题解：
·Math, Ad hoc, brute force
Try some combinations of small N, M. Found that probability = 1/(N - 1) for all m except 0

• Math, Ad hoc, brute force
Try some combinations of small N, M. Found that probability = 1/(N - 1) for all m except 0
Corner case: (N=1, M=0) = 1

代码

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
int mul(LL a, int b) {
  a *= b;
  return a >= mod ? a % mod : a;
}
int mpow(int a, int b) {
  int ret = 1;
  while (b) {
    if (b & 1) {
      ret = mul(ret, a);
    }
    a = mul(a, a);
    b >>= 1;
  }
  return ret;
}
int inv(int a) {
  return mpow(a, mod - 2);
}
int prob(int ni, int mi) {
  if (ni == 1) {
    return 1;
  }
  if (mi == 0) {
    return 0;
  }
  return inv(ni - 1);
}
int main() {
  int ans = 1, t;
  cin >> t;
  while (t--) {
    int ni, mi;
    cin >> ni >> mi;
    ans = mul(ans, prob(ni, mi));
    printf("%d\n", ans);
  }
}

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