Erlang程序示例（1）：记录

1、记录

1.1 记录与元组

-record(person, {name, phone, address}).

Internally, records are represented using tagged tuples: 

{person, Name, Phone, Address}

1.2 定义记录

-record(person, {name = "", phone = [], address}).

We have to define the record in the shell in order to be able use the record syntax in the examples: 

> rd(person, {name = "", phone = [], address}).

person

1.3 创建记录

> #person{phone=[0,8,2,3,4,3,1,2], name="Robert"}.

#person{name = "Robert",phone = [0,8,2,3,4,3,1,2],address = undefined}

> #person{name = "Jakob", _ = '_'}.

#person{name = "Jakob",phone = '_',address = '_'}

1.4 访问记录的域

> P = #person{name = "Joe", phone = [0,8,2,3,4,3,1,2]}.

#person{name = "Joe",phone = [0,8,2,3,4,3,1,2],address = undefined}

> P#person.name.

"Joe"

1.5 更新记录

> P1 = #person{name="Joe", phone=[1,2,3], address="A street"}.

#person{name = "Joe",phone = [1,2,3],address = "A street"}

> P2 = P1#person{name="Robert"}.

#person{name = "Robert",phone = [1,2,3],address = "A street"}

1.6 类型测试

foo(P) when is_record(P, person) -> a_person;

foo(_) -> not_a_person.

1.7 模式匹配

> P3 = #person{name="Joe", phone=[0,0,7], address="A street"}.

#person{name = "Joe",phone = [0,0,7],address = "A street"}

> #person{name = Name} = P3, Name.

"Joe"

find_phone([#person{name=Name, phone=Phone} | _], Name) ->

    {found,  Phone};

find_phone([_| T], Name) ->

    find_phone(T, Name);

find_phone([], Name) ->

    not_found.

1.8 记录的嵌套

-record(name, {first = "Robert", last = "Ericsson"}).

-record(person, {name = #name{}, phone}).

demo() ->

  P = #person{name= #name{first="Robert",last="Virding"}, phone=123},

  First = (P#person.name)#name.first.

In this example, demo() evaluates to "Robert". 

1.9 示例

%% File: person.hrl

%%-----------------------------------------------------------

%% Data Type: person

%% where:

%%    name:  A string (default is undefined).

%%    age:   An integer (default is undefined).

%%    phone: A list of integers (default is []).

%%    dict:  A dictionary containing various information 

%%           about the person. 

%%           A {Key, Value} list (default is the empty list).

%%------------------------------------------------------------

-record(person, {name, age, phone = [], dict = []}).

-module(person).

-include("person.hrl").

-compile(export_all). % For test purposes only.

%% This creates an instance of a person.

%%   Note: The phone number is not supplied so the

%%         default value [] will be used.

make_hacker_without_phone(Name, Age) ->

   #person{name = Name, age = Age, 

           dict = [{computer_knowledge, excellent}, 

                   {drinks, coke}]}.

%% This demonstrates matching in arguments

print(#person{name = Name, age = Age,

              phone = Phone, dict = Dict}) ->

  io:format("Name: ~s, Age: ~w, Phone: ~w ~n" 

            "Dictionary: ~w.~n", [Name, Age, Phone, Dict]).

%% Demonstrates type testing, selector, updating.

birthday(P) when record(P, person) -> 

   P#person{age = P#person.age + 1}.

register_two_hackers() ->

   Hacker1 = make_hacker_without_phone("Joe", 29),

   OldHacker = birthday(Hacker1),

   % The central_register_server should have 

   % an interface function for this.

   central_register_server ! {register_person, Hacker1},

   central_register_server ! {register_person, 

             OldHacker#person{name = "Robert", 

                              phone = [0,8,3,2,4,5,3,1]}}.

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