linux(centos5.8)环境下Hadoop 2.0.2单机部署以及Eclipse环境搭建

Hadoop 2.0.2-alpha单机部署

（1）新建hadoop用户以及hadoop用户组

首先取得root权限新

        $ su -

建用户hadoop组

       # groupadd hadoop

新建用户hadoop，放入hadoop组中，并设置主目录为/home/hadoop

       # useradd -g hadoop -d /home/hadoop hadoop

修改密码

      # passwd hadoop

其中删除用户命令为userdel，删除用户组命令为groupdel，查看用户和分组信息可以cat /etc/groups 或cat /etc/passwd

回到新建用户目录

     # su hadoop

     $ cd

（2）下载和配置hadoop

下载hadoop文件

      $ wget http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.0.2-alpha/hadoop-2.0.2-alpha.tar.gz

下载完成后解压

     $ tar xzvf hadoop-2.0.2-alpha.tar.gz

新建一个叫hadoop的文件夹，建立软链接，以便以后使用其他版本

     $ ln -sf hadoop-2.0.2-alpha hadoop

配置系统环境变量

    $ su - 

    # vim /etc/profile

在最后加上以下几行

export HADOOP_PREFIX="/home/hadoop/hadoop"   
PATH="$PATH:$HADOOP_PREFIX/bin:$HADOOP_PREFIX/sbin"   
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=${HADOOP_PREFIX}   
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=${HADOOP_PREFIX}   
export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=${HADOOP_PREFIX}   
export YARN_HOME=${HADOOP_PREFIX}
export HADOOP_CONF_DIR="${HADOOP_PREFIX}/etc/hadoop"

重新启动系统

       # reboot

重启后使用hadoop用户登录，进入/home/hadoop/hadoop/etc/hadoop中进行配置

      $ cd /home/hadoop/hadoop/etc/hadoop/

修改hadoop-env.sh
修改JAVA_HOME，这里JAVA_HOME的路径必须指定为真实的路径，不能引用${JAVA_HOME}，否则运行的时候会有错误JAVA_HOME is not set

export JAVA_HOME=／user/java/jdk1.6.0_35

修改core-site.xml

<configuration>
  <property>
    <name>fs.default.name</name>
    <value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
    <value>/tmp/hadoop/hadoop-${user.name}</value>
  </property>
</configuration>

修改hdfs-site.xml

其中，/home/hadoop/dfs/name，/home/hadoop/dfs/data都是文件系统中的目录，需要先新建

<configuration>
  <property>  
    <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>  
    <value>file:/home/hadoop/dfs/name</value>  
    <description>Determines where on the local filesystem the DFS name node  
      should store the name table.  If this is a comma-delimited list  
      of directories then the name table is replicated in all of the  
      directories, for redundancy. </description>  
    <final>true</final>  
  </property>  
  
  <property>  
    <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>  
    <value>file:/home/hadoop/dfs/data</value>  
    <description>Determines where on the local filesystem an DFS data node  
       should store its blocks.  If this is a comma-delimited  
       list of directories, then data will be stored in all named  
       directories, typically on different devices.  
       Directories that do not exist are ignored.  
    </description>  
    <final>true</final>  
  </property>  
  
  <property>  
    <name>dfs.replication</name>  
    <value>1</value>  
  </property>  
  
  <property>  
    <name>dfs.permissions</name>  
    <value>false</value>  
  </property>  
</configuration>

修改mapred-site.xml

<configuration>
  <property>  
    <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>  
    <value>yarn</value>  
  </property> 
  
  <property>  
    <name>mapred.system.dir</name>  
    <value>file:/home/hadoop/mapred/system</value>  
    <final>true</final>  
  </property>  
  
  <property>  
    <name>mapred.local.dir</name>  
    <value>file:/home/hadoop/mapred/local</value>  
    <final>true</final>  
  </property>
</configuration>

修改yarn-site.xml

<configuration>

<!-- Site specific YARN configuration properties -->
  <property>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name>
    <value>localhost:8081</value>
    <description>host is the hostname of the resource manager and 
    port is the port on which the NodeManagers contact the Resource Manager.
    </description>
  </property>

  <property>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name>
    <value>localhost:8082</value>
    <description>host is the hostname of the resourcemanager and port is the port
    on which the Applications in the cluster talk to the Resource Manager.
    </description>
  </property>

  <property>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.class</name>
    <value>org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.resourcemanager.scheduler.capacity.CapacityScheduler</value>
    <description>In case you do not want to use the default scheduler</description>
  </property>

  <property>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>
    <value>localhost:8083</value>
    <description>the host is the hostname of the ResourceManager and the port is the port on
    which the clients can talk to the Resource Manager. </description>
  </property>

  <property>
    <name>yarn.nodemanager.local-dirs</name>
    <value></value>
    <description>the local directories used by the nodemanager</description>
  </property>

  <property>
    <name>yarn.nodemanager.address</name>
    <value>0.0.0.0:port</value>
    <description>the nodemanagers bind to this port</description>
  </property>  

  <property>
    <name>yarn.nodemanager.resource.memory-mb</name>
    <value>10240</value>
    <description>the amount of memory on the NodeManager in GB</description>
  </property>
 
  <property>
    <name>yarn.nodemanager.remote-app-log-dir</name>
    <value>/app-logs</value>
    <description>directory on hdfs where the application logs are moved to </description>
  </property>

   <property>
    <name>yarn.nodemanager.log-dirs</name>
    <value></value>
    <description>the directories used by Nodemanagers as log directories</description>
  </property>

  <property>
    <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
    <value>mapreduce.shuffle</value>
    <description>shuffle service that needs to be set for Map Reduce to run </description>
  </property>
</configuration>

（3）启动hdfs以及yarn

完成以上配置后可以检测是否配置成

首先格式化namenode

         $ hdfs namenode -format

然后启动hdfs

        $ start-dfs.sh

或者

       $ hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode 

       $ hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

接着启动yarn daemons

       $ start-yarn.sh

或者

      $ yarn-daemon.sh start resourcemanager 

      $ yarn-daemon.sh start nodemanager

启动完成后可以进入http://localhost:50070/dfshealth.jsp 查看dfs状态，如下图所示

转载请注明：http://blog.csdn.net/lawrencesgj/article/details/8240571

Eclipse环境配置

（1）下载eclipse插件并导入到eclipse中

         到http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/EclipsePlugIn上下载对应的eclipse插件，然后eclipse的plugin目录中，我的环境是/usr/share/eclipse/plugins

（2）使用hadoop用户启动eclipse

       $ su hadoop

       $ eclipse&

（3）配置eclipse

       启动后在视图中调出mapreduce视图，并点击右下角new hadoop的大象图标，如下图

       填写安装目录以及用户明后Vaildate Location 就可以看到发现hadoop2.02了！这里我自己花了一点时间摸索，要完成关键是用hadoop用户启动eclipse，之前用系统的用户一直验证不成功。。

（3）新建mapreduce project

       如无意外，在File>>New>>Project下面就会看到有Mapreduce Project，点击后需要配置hadoop install directory，如果用mapreduce框架配置为/home/hadoop/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce，如果用yarn框架配置为/home/hadoop/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn即可。

      转载请注明：http://blog.csdn.net/lawrencesgj/article/details/8240571

       一开始因为没有用hadoop用户打开eclipse所以这里费了不少时间，后来才醒悟过来。这样我们就新建了一个mapreduce项目了！

参考：

• http://ipjmc.iteye.com/blog/1703112
• http://slaytanic.blog.51cto.com/2057708/885198
• http://hadoop.apache.org/docs/r2.0.2-alpha/hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/SingleCluster.html
• http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/EclipseEnvironment