CentOS8.x使用yum安装MySQL8数据库

目录

 

环境概述：

一、安装

1.1 使用MySQL的官方repo源，安装MySQL8

1.2安装完成后，使用mysqladmin --version 或者 mysql --version查看数据库版本如下：

1.3 连接数据库，第一次安装完后默认没有密码

二、设置MySQL8数据库密码

1、启动MySQL

2、修改MySQL密码并允许远程连接

三、字符集和时区

1、使用新的密码登陆MySQL查看字符集与时区

2、修改时区

3、重启数据库

四、移除MySQL的repo源

五、MySQL自启

查看MySQL是否自启

六、防火墙放行3306端口

七、文章参考

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环境概述：

• CentOS8.x采用最小安装
• 系统为：CentOS8.0.1905
• 最终安装MySQL版本：8.0.17

一、安装

1.1 使用MySQL的官方repo源，安装MySQL8

cd /usr/local/src
# 下载MySQL的官方repo源
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
# 安装Yum Repository
rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
# 安装MySQL服务器
yum -y install mysql-server mysql-devel   #使用该条命令！

1.2安装完成后，使用mysqladmin --version 或者 mysql --version查看数据库版本如下：

 

[root@node2 src]# mysqladmin --version
mysqladmin  Ver 8.0.21 for Linux on x86_64 (Source distribution)

1.3 连接数据库，第一次安装完后默认没有密码

[root@node2 src]# mysql -u root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.21 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> update user set authentication_string="" where user="root";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'tantop-scm-root';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>  show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_server     | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> show variables like '%time_zone%';
+------------------+--------+
| Variable_name    | Value  |
+------------------+--------+
| system_time_zone | CST    |
| time_zone        | SYSTEM |
+------------------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye

二、设置MySQL8数据库密码

1、启动MySQL

systemctl start mysqld

2、修改MySQL密码并允许远程连接

在/etc/my.cnf文件最后一行添加skip-grant-tables，重启mysql(systemctl restart mysqld)，跳过登入权限验证;
使用mysql -u root 登陆

mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
mysql> update user set authentication_string="" where user="root";
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '密码';
mysql> flush privileges;

修改完成后，退出重新登陆MySQL时，即可使用新密码！

三、字符集和时区

1、使用新的密码登陆MySQL查看字符集与时区

# 查看字符集
mysql>  show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_server     | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

装完MySQL之后默认字符集为utf8mb4

2、修改时区

# 查看时区
mysql> show variables like '%time_zone%';
+------------------+--------+
| Variable_name    | Value  |
+------------------+--------+
| system_time_zone | CST    |
| time_zone        | SYSTEM |
+------------------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

CST

UTC是协调世界时(Universal Time Coordinated)
GMT(Greenwich Mean Time)是格林尼治平时
而CST却同时可以代表如下 4 个不同的时区：
美国中部时间：Central Standard Time (USA) UT-6:00
澳大利亚中部时间：Central Standard Time (Australia) UT+9:30
中国标准时间：China Standard Time UT+8:00
古巴标准时间：Cuba Standard Time UT-4:00

在该文件/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf中的 [mysqld] 下面添加时区

# 东八区时区，北京时区
default-time-zone = '+8:00'

3、重启数据库

systemctl restart mysqld

再次查看时区如下：

mysql>  show variables like '%time_zone%';
+------------------+--------+
| Variable_name    | Value  |
+------------------+--------+
| system_time_zone | CST    |
| time_zone        | +08:00 |
+------------------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> quit

东八区时区

四、移除MySQL的repo源

为了防止每次进行yum操作时其自动更新，移除MySQL的repo。

yum -y remove mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch

五、MySQL自启

# 查看MySQL是否自启
systemctl is-enabled mysqld

# 开启自启
systemctl enable mysqld
# 关闭自启
systemctl disable mysqld

如下如，为enabled时，MySQL为自启（安装MySQL之后，默认为不自启，需要手动开启）

[root@node2 src]# systemctl is-enabled mysqld
disabled
[root@node2 src]# 

查看MySQL是否自启

[root@node2 src]# systemctl enable mysqld
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service.
[root@node2 src]# systemctl is-enabled mysqld
enabled
[root@node2 src]# 

六、防火墙放行3306端口

如果你的防火墙已经关闭，可忽略此操作。

# 永久开放3306端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp
# 重启防火墙
systemctl restart firewalld
# 检测设定是否生效
iptables -L -n | grep 3306

七、文章参考

• centos中安装mysql8.0，修改root密码
• centos yum 安装mysql8 修改密码
• MySql查看修改l时区