@Scheduled使用

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-03 00:58:37 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-03 00:58:37 发布

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@Scheduled 标记要调度的方法的注解。必须指定 cron，fixedDelay或 fixedRate属性之一。该注解共有8个参数，以下对这个8个参数进行记录

1、cron

1.1 源码

	/**
	 * A cron-like expression, extending the usual UN*X definition to include triggers
	 * on the second, minute, hour, day of month, month, and day of week.
	 * <p>For example, {@code "0 * * * * MON-FRI"} means once per minute on weekdays
	 * (at the top of the minute - the 0th second).
	 * <p>The fields read from left to right are interpreted as follows. 
     *     从左到右读取的字段解释如下。
	 * <ul>
	 * <li>second</li> 秒
	 * <li>minute</li> 分
	 * <li>hour</li>   时
	 * <li>day of month</li> 日
	 * <li>month</li> 月
	 * <li>day of week</li> 周
	 * </ul>
	 * <p>The special value {@link #CRON_DISABLED "-"} indicates a disabled cron
	 * trigger, primarily meant for externally specified values resolved by a
	 * <code>${...}</code> placeholder.
	 * @return an expression that can be parsed to a cron schedule
     * 返回  可以解析为cron时间表的表达式
	 * @see org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronSequenceGenerator
	 */
	String cron() default "";

1.2 解释

该参数为cron表达式，从左到右

[秒] [分] [小时] [日] [月] [周]

1.3 示例

@Configuration
@EnableScheduling
public class ScheduledDemo {

    @Scheduled(cron = "*/5 * * * * ?") //每五秒钟执行一次
    public void scheduledDemo() {
        System.out.println("test"+new Date());
    }
}


结果：
testSat Jan 16 14:23:25 CST 2021
testSat Jan 16 14:23:30 CST 2021
testSat Jan 16 14:23:35 CST 2021
testSat Jan 16 14:23:40 CST 2021
testSat Jan 16 14:23:45 CST 2021
testSat Jan 16 14:23:50 CST 2021

2、zone

2.1 源码

	/**
	 * A time zone for which the cron expression will be resolved. By default, this
	 * attribute is the empty String (i.e. the server's local time zone will be used).
     * cron表达式使用的时区。默认情况下，此属性为空字符串（即将使用服务器的本地时区）
	 * @return a zone id accepted by {@link java.util.TimeZone#getTimeZone(String)},
	 * or an empty String to indicate the server's default time zone
	 * @since 4.0
	 * @see org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronTrigger#CronTrigger(String, java.util.TimeZone)
	 * @see java.util.TimeZone
	 */
	String zone() default "";

2.2 解释

时区，cron表达式会基于该时区解析。默认是一个空字符串，即取服务器所在地的时区。比如我们一般使用的时区Asia/Shanghai。该字段我们一般留空。

2.3 示例

无

3、fixedDelay

3.1 源码

	/**
	 * Execute the annotated method with a fixed period in milliseconds between the
	 * end of the last invocation and the start of the next.
	 * @return the delay in milliseconds
	 */
	long fixedDelay() default -1;

3.2 解释

fixedDelay 从上次调用结束到下一次调用之间的固定时间（以毫秒为单位）

3.3 示例

@Scheduled(fixedDelay = 5000) //上次调用结束后5秒再执行

4、fixedDelayString

4.1 源码

	/**
	 * Execute the annotated method with a fixed period in milliseconds between the
	 * end of the last invocation and the start of the next.
	 * @return the delay in milliseconds as a String value, e.g. a placeholder
	 * or a {@link java.time.Duration#parse java.time.Duration} compliant value
	 * @since 3.2.2
	 */
	String fixedDelayString() default "";

4.2 解释

fixedDelay 意思相同，只是使用字符串的形式。唯一不同的是支持占位符

4.3 示例

@Scheduled(fixedDelayString = "5000")  


//占位符的使用(配置文件中有配置：time.fixedDelay=5000)：
@Scheduled(fixedDelayString = "${time.fixedDelay}")

//上次调用结束后5秒再执行

5、fixedRate

5.1 源码

	/**
	 * Execute the annotated method with a fixed period in milliseconds between
	 * invocations.
     * 两次调用之间具有固定的毫秒数
	 * @return the period in milliseconds
	 */
	long fixedRate() default -1;

5.2 解释

fixedRate 两次调用之间固定的毫秒数,

5.3 示例

@Scheduled(fixedRate = 5000)
//上次开始无论是否结束5秒钟之后会再次执行

6、fixedRateString

6.1 源码

	/**
	 * Execute the annotated method with a fixed period in milliseconds between
	 * invocations.
	 * @return the period in milliseconds as a String value, e.g. a placeholder
	 * or a {@link java.time.Duration#parse java.time.Duration} compliant value
	 * @since 3.2.2
	 */
	String fixedRateString() default "";

6.2 解释

与 fixedRate 意思相同，只是使用字符串的形式。唯一不同的是支持占位符。

6.3 示例

@Scheduled(fixedRateString = "5000")
//上次开始无论是否结束5秒钟之后会再次执行

7、initialDelay

7.1 源码

	/**
	 * Number of milliseconds to delay before the first execution of a
	 * {@link #fixedRate} or {@link #fixedDelay} task.
     * 第一次执行 fixedRate 或者 fixedDelay 任务之前要延迟的毫秒数
	 * @return the initial delay in milliseconds
	 * @since 3.2
	 */
	long initialDelay() default -1;

7.2 解释

第一次执行 fixedRate 或者 fixedDelay 任务之前要延迟的毫秒数

7.3 示例

@Scheduled(initialDelay=1000, fixedRate=5000) 
//第一次延迟1秒后执行，之后按fixedRate的规则每5秒执行一次

8、initialDelayString

8.1 源码

	/**
	 * Number of milliseconds to delay before the first execution of a
	 * {@link #fixedRate} or {@link #fixedDelay} task.
	 * @return the initial delay in milliseconds as a String value, e.g. a placeholder
	 * or a {@link java.time.Duration#parse java.time.Duration} compliant value
	 * @since 3.2.2
	 */
	String initialDelayString() default "";

8.2 解释

与 initialDelay 意思相同，只是使用字符串的形式。唯一不同的是支持占位符。

8.3 示例

9、总源码

/*
 * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.scheduling.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Repeatable;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

import org.springframework.scheduling.config.ScheduledTaskRegistrar;

/**
 * Annotation that marks a method to be scheduled. Exactly one of the
 * {@link #cron}, {@link #fixedDelay}, or {@link #fixedRate} attributes must be
 * specified.
标记要调度的方法的注解。必须指定{@link cron}，{@ link fixedDelay}或{@link fixedRate}属性之一。
 *
 * <p>The annotated method must expect no arguments. It will typically have
 * a {@code void} return type; if not, the returned value will be ignored
 * when called through the scheduler.
 *
 * <p>Processing of {@code @Scheduled} annotations is performed by
 * registering a {@link ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor}. This can be
 * done manually or, more conveniently, through the {@code <task:annotation-driven/>}
 * element or @{@link EnableScheduling} annotation.
 *
 * <p>This annotation may be used as a <em>meta-annotation</em> to create custom
 * <em>composed annotations</em> with attribute overrides.
 *
 * @author Mark Fisher
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Dave Syer
 * @author Chris Beams
 * @since 3.0
 * @see EnableScheduling
 * @see ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
 * @see Schedules
 */
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Repeatable(Schedules.class)
public @interface Scheduled {

	/**
	 * A special cron expression value that indicates a disabled trigger: {@value}.
	 * <p>This is primarily meant for use with <code>${...}</code> placeholders,
	 * allowing for external disabling of corresponding scheduled methods.
	 * @since 5.1
	 * @see ScheduledTaskRegistrar#CRON_DISABLED
	 */
	String CRON_DISABLED = ScheduledTaskRegistrar.CRON_DISABLED;


	/**
	 * A cron-like expression, extending the usual UN*X definition to include triggers
	 * on the second, minute, hour, day of month, month, and day of week.
	 * <p>For example, {@code "0 * * * * MON-FRI"} means once per minute on weekdays
	 * (at the top of the minute - the 0th second).
	 * <p>The fields read from left to right are interpreted as follows.
	 * <ul>
	 * <li>second</li>
	 * <li>minute</li>
	 * <li>hour</li>
	 * <li>day of month</li>
	 * <li>month</li>
	 * <li>day of week</li>
	 * </ul>
	 * <p>The special value {@link #CRON_DISABLED "-"} indicates a disabled cron
	 * trigger, primarily meant for externally specified values resolved by a
	 * <code>${...}</code> placeholder.
	 * @return an expression that can be parsed to a cron schedule
	 * @see org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronSequenceGenerator
	 */
	String cron() default "";

	/**
	 * A time zone for which the cron expression will be resolved. By default, this
	 * attribute is the empty String (i.e. the server's local time zone will be used).
	 * @return a zone id accepted by {@link java.util.TimeZone#getTimeZone(String)},
	 * or an empty String to indicate the server's default time zone
	 * @since 4.0
	 * @see org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronTrigger#CronTrigger(String, java.util.TimeZone)
	 * @see java.util.TimeZone
	 */
	String zone() default "";

	/**
	 * Execute the annotated method with a fixed period in milliseconds between the
	 * end of the last invocation and the start of the next.
	 * @return the delay in milliseconds
	 */
	long fixedDelay() default -1;

	/**
	 * Execute the annotated method with a fixed period in milliseconds between the
	 * end of the last invocation and the start of the next.
	 * @return the delay in milliseconds as a String value, e.g. a placeholder
	 * or a {@link java.time.Duration#parse java.time.Duration} compliant value
	 * @since 3.2.2
	 */
	String fixedDelayString() default "";

	/**
	 * Execute the annotated method with a fixed period in milliseconds between
	 * invocations.
	 * @return the period in milliseconds
	 */
	long fixedRate() default -1;

	/**
	 * Execute the annotated method with a fixed period in milliseconds between
	 * invocations.
	 * @return the period in milliseconds as a String value, e.g. a placeholder
	 * or a {@link java.time.Duration#parse java.time.Duration} compliant value
	 * @since 3.2.2
	 */
	String fixedRateString() default "";

	/**
	 * Number of milliseconds to delay before the first execution of a
	 * {@link #fixedRate} or {@link #fixedDelay} task.
	 * @return the initial delay in milliseconds
	 * @since 3.2
	 */
	long initialDelay() default -1;

	/**
	 * Number of milliseconds to delay before the first execution of a
	 * {@link #fixedRate} or {@link #fixedDelay} task.
	 * @return the initial delay in milliseconds as a String value, e.g. a placeholder
	 * or a {@link java.time.Duration#parse java.time.Duration} compliant value
	 * @since 3.2.2
	 */
	String initialDelayString() default "";

}

4.2 解释

4.3 示例