three.js 学习
学自书籍《Three.js开发指南——基于WebGL和HTML5在网页上渲染3D图形和动画》
Part1 用Three.js创建第一个三维场景
基础HTML框架
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example 01.01 - Basic skeleton</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/three.js"></script>
<style>
body {
/* set margin to 0 and overflow to hidden, to
use the complete page */
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Div which will hold the Output -->
<div id="WebGL-output">
</div>
<!-- Javascript code that runs our Three.js examples -->
<script type="text/javascript">
// once everything is loaded, we run our Three.js stuff.
function init() {
// here we'll put the Three.js stuff
}
window.onload = init
</script>
</body>
</html>
渲染并查看三维对象
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example 01.02 - First Scene</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/three.js"></script>
<style>
body {
/* set margin to 0 and overflow to hidden, to go fullscreen */
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Div which will hold the Output -->
<div id="WebGL-output">
</div>
<!-- Javascript code that runs our Three.js examples -->
<script type="text/javascript">
// once everything is loaded, we run our Three.js stuff.
function init() {
// create a scene, that will hold all our elements such as objects, cameras and lights.
var scene = new THREE.Scene();
// create a camera, which defines where we're looking at.
var camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
// create a render and set the size
var renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
renderer.setClearColorHex();
renderer.setClearColor(new THREE.Color(0xEEEEEE));
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
// show axes in the screen
var axes = new THREE.AxisHelper(20);
scene.add(axes);
// create the ground plane
var planeGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(60, 20);
var planeMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({color: 0xcccccc});
var plane = new THREE.Mesh(planeGeometry, planeMaterial);
// rotate and position the plane
plane.rotation.x = -0.5 * Math.PI;
plane.position.x = 15;
plane.position.y = 0;
plane.position.z = 0;
// add the plane to the scene
scene.add(plane);
// create a cube
var cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(4, 4, 4);
var cubeMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({color: 0xff0000, wireframe: true});
var cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, cubeMaterial);
// position the cube
cube.position.x = -4;
cube.position.y = 3;
cube.position.z = 0;
// add the cube to the scene
scene.add(cube);
// create a sphere
var sphereGeometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(4, 20, 20);
var sphereMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({color: 0x7777ff, wireframe: true});
var sphere = new THREE.Mesh(sphereGeometry, sphereMaterial);
// position the sphere
sphere.position.x = 20;
sphere.position.y = 4;
sphere.position.z = 2;
// add the sphere to the scene
scene.add(sphere);
// position and point the camera to the center of the scene
camera.position.x = -30;
camera.position.y = 40;
camera.position.z = 30;
camera.lookAt(scene.position);
// add the output of the renderer to the html element
document.getElementById("WebGL-output").appendChild(renderer.domElement);
// render the scene
renderer.render(scene, camera);
}
window.onload = init;
</script>
</body>
</html>
代码分析
var scene = new THREE.Scene();
var camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
var renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
renderer.setClearColorHex();
renderer.setClearColor(new THREE.Color(0xEEEEEE));
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
定义场景（scene），摄像机（camera）和渲染器（renderer）
场景是容器，保存、跟踪所要渲染的物体和使用的光源。需要通过THREE.Scene()渲染物体
摄像机决定了能够在场景看到什么
// show axes in the screen
var axes = new THREE.AxisHelper(20); // 创建了坐标轴(axes)对象并设置轴线的粗细值为20
scene.add(axes); // 添加到场景中
// create the ground plane
var planeGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(60, 20); // 定义平面大小(宽度60，高度20)
var planeMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({color: 0xcccccc});
var plane = new THREE.Mesh(planeGeometry, planeMaterial);
// rotate and position the plane
plane.rotation.x = -0.5 * Math.PI;
plane.position.x = 15;
plane.position.y = 0;
plane.position.z = 0;
// add the plane to the scene
scene.add(plane);
该代码添加轴和平面
// position and point the camera to the center of the scene
camera.position.x = -30;
camera.position.y = 40;
camera.position.z = 30;
camera.lookAt(scene.position);
// add the output of the renderer to the html element
document.getElementById("WebGL-output").appendChild(renderer.domElement);
// render the scene
renderer.render(scene, camera);
用x，y，z的位置属性来设置摄像机的位置，用lookAt方法指向场景的中心，默认状态是指向（0，0，0）位置
添加材质、光源和阴影
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example 01.03 - Materials and light</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/three.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/stats.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/dat.gui.js"></script>
<style>
body {
/* set margin to 0 and overflow to hidden, to go fullscreen */
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Div which will hold the Output -->
<div id="WebGL-output">
</div>
<!-- Javascript code that runs our Three.js examples -->
<script type="text/javascript">
// once everything is loaded, we run our Three.js stuff.
function init() {
// create a scene, that will hold all our elements such as objects, cameras and lights.
var scene = new THREE.Scene();
// create a camera, which defines where we're looking at.
var camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
// create a render and set the size
var renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
renderer.setClearColor(new THREE.Color(0xEEEEEE, 1.0));
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
renderer.shadowMapEnabled = true; // 阴影效果
// create the ground plane
var planeGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(60, 20);
var planeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0xffffff});
var plane = new THREE.Mesh(planeGeometry, planeMaterial);
plane.receiveShadow = true;
// rotate and position the plane
plane.rotation.x = -0.5 * Math.PI;
plane.position.x = 15;
plane.position.y = 0;
plane.position.z = 0;
// add the plane to the scene
scene.add(plane);
// create a cube
var cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(4, 4, 4);
var cubeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0xff0000});
var cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, cubeMaterial);
cube.castShadow = true;
// position the cube
cube.position.x = -4;
cube.position.y = 3;
cube.position.z = 0;
// add the cube to the scene
scene.add(cube);
var sphereGeometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(4, 20, 20);
var sphereMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0x7777ff});
var sphere = new THREE.Mesh(sphereGeometry, sphereMaterial);
// position the sphere
sphere.position.x = 20;
sphere.position.y = 4;
sphere.position.z = 2;
sphere.castShadow = true;
// add the sphere to the scene
scene.add(sphere);
// position and point the camera to the center of the scene
camera.position.x = -30;
camera.position.y = 40;
camera.position.z = 30;
camera.lookAt(scene.position);
// add spotlight for the shadows
var spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff);
spotLight.position.set(-40, 60, -10);
spotLight.castShadow = true;
scene.add(spotLight);
// add the output of the renderer to the html element
document.getElementById("WebGL-output").appendChild(renderer.domElement);
// call the render function
renderer.render(scene, camera);
}
window.onload = init;
</script>
</body>
</html>
添加光源
// add spotlight for the shadows
var spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff); // 定义光源并从位置(-40,60,-10)照射场景
spotLight.position.set(-40, 60, -10);
spotLight.castShadow = true; // 启用阴影
scene.add(spotLight);
改变物体材质
// create the ground plane
var planeGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(60, 20);
var planeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0xffffff});
var plane = new THREE.Mesh(planeGeometry, planeMaterial);
plane.receiveShadow = true;
// rotate and position the plane
plane.rotation.x = -0.5 * Math.PI;
plane.position.x = 15;
plane.position.y = 0;
plane.position.z = 0;
// add the plane to the scene
scene.add(plane);
// create a cube
var cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(4, 4, 4);
var cubeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0xff0000});
var cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, cubeMaterial);
cube.castShadow = true;
// position the cube
cube.position.x = -4;
cube.position.y = 3;
cube.position.z = 0;
// add the cube to the scene
scene.add(cube);
var sphereGeometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(4, 20, 20);
var sphereMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0x7777ff});
var sphere = new THREE.Mesh(sphereGeometry, sphereMaterial);
代码中将场景中物体的材质改为MeshLambertMaterial（会对光源产生反应）。
plane.receiveShadow = true;
cube.castShadow = true;
sphere.castShadow = true;
让场景动起来
首先需要解决的问题是如何在特定的时间间隔重新渲染场景
requestAnimationFrame()
通过这个函数，可以向浏览器提供一个回调函数。无需定义回调间隔，浏览器将自行决定最佳回调时机。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example 01.04 - Materials, light and animation</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/three.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/stats.js"></script>
<style>
body {
/* set margin to 0 and overflow to hidden, to go fullscreen */
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="Stats-output">
</div>
<!-- Div which will hold the Output -->
<div id="WebGL-output">
</div>
<!-- Javascript code that runs our Three.js examples -->
<script type="text/javascript">
// once everything is loaded, we run our Three.js stuff.
function init() {
var stats = initStats();
// create a scene, that will hold all our elements such as objects, cameras and lights.
var scene = new THREE.Scene();
// create a camera, which defines where we're looking at.
var camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
// create a render and set the size
var renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
renderer.setClearColor(new THREE.Color(0xEEEEEE, 1.0));
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
renderer.shadowMapEnabled = true;
// create the ground plane
var planeGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(60, 20, 1, 1);
var planeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0xffffff});
var plane = new THREE.Mesh(planeGeometry, planeMaterial);
plane.receiveShadow = true;
// rotate and position the plane
plane.rotation.x = -0.5 * Math.PI;
plane.position.x = 15;
plane.position.y = 0;
plane.position.z = 0;
// add the plane to the scene
scene.add(plane);
// create a cube
var cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(4, 4, 4);
var cubeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0xff0000});
var cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, cubeMaterial);
cube.castShadow = true;
// position the cube
cube.position.x = -4;
cube.position.y = 3;
cube.position.z = 0;
// add the cube to the scene
scene.add(cube);
var sphereGeometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(4, 20, 20);
var sphereMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0x7777ff});
var sphere = new THREE.Mesh(sphereGeometry, sphereMaterial);
// position the sphere
sphere.position.x = 20;
sphere.position.y = 0;
sphere.position.z = 2;
sphere.castShadow = true;
// add the sphere to the scene
scene.add(sphere);
// position and point the camera to the center of the scene
camera.position.x = -30;
camera.position.y = 40;
camera.position.z = 30;
camera.lookAt(scene.position);
// add subtle ambient lighting
var ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x0c0c0c);
scene.add(ambientLight);
// add spotlight for the shadows
var spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff);
spotLight.position.set(-40, 60, -10);
spotLight.castShadow = true;
scene.add(spotLight);
// add the output of the renderer to the html element
document.getElementById("WebGL-output").appendChild(renderer.domElement);
// call the render function
var step = 0;
renderScene();
function renderScene() {
stats.update();
// rotate the cube around its axes
cube.rotation.x += 0.02;
cube.rotation.y += 0.02;
cube.rotation.z += 0.02;
// bounce the sphere up and down
step += 0.04;
sphere.position.x = 20 + ( 10 * (Math.cos(step)));
sphere.position.y = 2 + ( 10 * Math.abs(Math.sin(step)));
// render using requestAnimationFrame
requestAnimationFrame(renderScene);
renderer.render(scene, camera);
}
function initStats() {
var stats = new Stats();
stats.setMode(0); // 0: fps, 1: ms
// Align top-left
stats.domElement.style.position = 'absolute';
stats.domElement.style.left = '0px';
stats.domElement.style.top = '0px';
document.getElementById("Stats-output").appendChild(stats.domElement);
return stats;
}
}
window.onload = init;
</script>
</body>
</html>
使用方法
// render using requestAnimationFrame
requestAnimationFrame(renderScene);
renderer.render(scene, camera);
function initStats() {
var stats = new Stats();
stats.setMode(0); // 0: fps, 1: ms
// Align top-left
stats.domElement.style.position = 'absolute';
stats.domElement.style.left = '0px';
stats.domElement.style.top = '0px';
document.getElementById("Stats-output").appendChild(stats.domElement);
return stats;
}
初始化统计对象。
使用dat.GUI库简化试验
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example 01.05 - Control gui</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/three.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/stats.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/dat.gui.js"></script>
<style>
body {
/* set margin to 0 and overflow to hidden, to go fullscreen */
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="Stats-output">
</div>
<!-- Div which will hold the Output -->
<div id="WebGL-output">
</div>
<!-- Javascript code that runs our Three.js examples -->
<script type="text/javascript">
// once everything is loaded, we run our Three.js stuff.
function init() {
var stats = initStats();
// create a scene, that will hold all our elements such as objects, cameras and lights.
var scene = new THREE.Scene();
// create a camera, which defines where we're looking at.
var camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
// create a render and set the size
var renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
renderer.setClearColor(new THREE.Color(0xEEEEEE, 1.0));
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
renderer.shadowMapEnabled = true;
// create the ground plane
var planeGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(60, 20, 1, 1);
var planeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0xffffff});
var plane = new THREE.Mesh(planeGeometry, planeMaterial);
plane.receiveShadow = true;
// rotate and position the plane
plane.rotation.x = -0.5 * Math.PI;
plane.position.x = 15;
plane.position.y = 0;
plane.position.z = 0;
// add the plane to the scene
scene.add(plane);
// create a cube
var cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(4, 4, 4);
var cubeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0xff0000});
var cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, cubeMaterial);
cube.castShadow = true;
// position the cube
cube.position.x = -4;
cube.position.y = 3;
cube.position.z = 0;
// add the cube to the scene
scene.add(cube);
var sphereGeometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(4, 20, 20);
var sphereMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0x7777ff});
var sphere = new THREE.Mesh(sphereGeometry, sphereMaterial);
// position the sphere
sphere.position.x = 20;
sphere.position.y = 0;
sphere.position.z = 2;
sphere.castShadow = true;
// add the sphere to the scene
scene.add(sphere);
// position and point the camera to the center of the scene
camera.position.x = -30;
camera.position.y = 40;
camera.position.z = 30;
camera.lookAt(scene.position);
// add subtle ambient lighting
var ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x0c0c0c);
scene.add(ambientLight);
// add spotlight for the shadows
var spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff);
spotLight.position.set(-40, 60, -10);
spotLight.castShadow = true;
scene.add(spotLight);
// add the output of the renderer to the html element
document.getElementById("WebGL-output").appendChild(renderer.domElement);
// call the render function
var step = 0;
var controls = new function () {
this.rotationSpeed = 0.02;
this.bouncingSpeed = 0.03;
};
var gui = new dat.GUI();
gui.add(controls, 'rotationSpeed', 0, 0.5);
gui.add(controls, 'bouncingSpeed', 0, 0.5);
render();
function render() {
stats.update();
// rotate the cube around its axes
cube.rotation.x += controls.rotationSpeed;
cube.rotation.y += controls.rotationSpeed;
cube.rotation.z += controls.rotationSpeed;
// bounce the sphere up and down
step += controls.bouncingSpeed;
sphere.position.x = 20 + ( 10 * (Math.cos(step)));
sphere.position.y = 2 + ( 10 * Math.abs(Math.sin(step)));
// render using requestAnimationFrame
requestAnimationFrame(render);
renderer.render(scene, camera);
}
function initStats() {
var stats = new Stats();
stats.setMode(0); // 0: fps, 1: ms
// Align top-left
stats.domElement.style.position = 'absolute';
stats.domElement.style.left = '0px';
stats.domElement.style.top = '0px';
document.getElementById("Stats-output").appendChild(stats.domElement);
return stats;
}
}
window.onload = init;
</script>
</body>
</html>
首先增加库
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/dat.gui.js"></script>
定义JavaScript对象，用来保存想要通过dat.GUI库修改的变量
var controls = new function () {
this.rotationSpeed = 0.02;
this.bouncingSpeed = 0.03;
};
把对象传给dat.GUI
var gui = new dat.GUI();
gui.add(controls, 'rotationSpeed', 0, 0.5);
gui.add(controls, 'bouncingSpeed', 0, 0.5);
Part2 使用构建Three.js场景的基本组件
创建场景
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example 02.01 - Basic Scene</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/three.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/stats.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/dat.gui.js"></script>
<style>
body {
/* set margin to 0 and overflow to hidden, to go fullscreen */
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="Stats-output">
</div>
<!-- Div which will hold the Output -->
<div id="WebGL-output">
</div>
<!-- Javascript code that runs our Three.js examples -->
<script type="text/javascript">
// once everything is loaded, we run our Three.js stuff.
function init() {
var stats = initStats();
// create a scene, that will hold all our elements such as objects, cameras and lights.
var scene = new THREE.Scene();
// create a camera, which defines where we're looking at.
var camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
scene.add(camera);
// create a render and set the size
var renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
renderer.setClearColor(new THREE.Color(0xEEEEEE, 1.0));
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
renderer.shadowMapEnabled = true;
// create the ground plane
var planeGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(60, 40, 1, 1);
var planeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0xffffff});
var plane = new THREE.Mesh(planeGeometry, planeMaterial);
plane.receiveShadow = true;
// rotate and position the plane
plane.rotation.x = -0.5 * Math.PI;
plane.position.x = 0;
plane.position.y = 0;
plane.position.z = 0;
// add the plane to the scene
scene.add(plane);
// position and point the camera to the center of the scene
camera.position.x = -30;
camera.position.y = 40;
camera.position.z = 30;
camera.lookAt(scene.position);
// add subtle ambient lighting
var ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x0c0c0c);
scene.add(ambientLight);
// add spotlight for the shadows
var spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff);
spotLight.position.set(-40, 60, -10);
spotLight.castShadow = true;
scene.add(spotLight);
// add the output of the renderer to the html element
document.getElementById("WebGL-output").appendChild(renderer.domElement);
// call the render function
var step = 0;
var controls = new function () {
this.rotationSpeed = 0.02;
this.numberOfObjects = scene.children.length;
this.removeCube = function () {
var allChildren = scene.children;
var lastObject = allChildren[allChildren.length - 1];
if (lastObject instanceof THREE.Mesh) {
scene.remove(lastObject);
this.numberOfObjects = scene.children.length;
}
};
this.addCube = function () {
var cubeSize = Math.ceil((Math.random() * 3));
var cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(cubeSize, cubeSize, cubeSize);
var cubeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: Math.random() * 0xffffff});
var cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, cubeMaterial);
cube.castShadow = true;
cube.name = "cube-" + scene.children.length;
// position the cube randomly in the scene
cube.position.x = -30 + Math.round((Math.random() * planeGeometry.parameters.width));
cube.position.y = Math.round((Math.random() * 5));
cube.position.z = -20 + Math.round((Math.random() * planeGeometry.parameters.height));
// add the cube to the scene
scene.add(cube);
this.numberOfObjects = scene.children.length;
};
this.outputObjects = function () {
console.log(scene.children);
}
};
var gui = new dat.GUI();
gui.add(controls, 'rotationSpeed', 0, 0.5);
gui.add(controls, 'addCube');
gui.add(controls, 'removeCube');
gui.add(controls, 'outputObjects');
gui.add(controls, 'numberOfObjects').listen();
render();
function render() {
stats.update();
// rotate the cubes around its axes
scene.traverse(function (e) {
if (e instanceof THREE.Mesh && e != plane) {
e.rotation.x += controls.rotationSpeed;
e.rotation.y += controls.rotationSpeed;
e.rotation.z += controls.rotationSpeed;
}
});
// render using requestAnimationFrame
requestAnimationFrame(render);
renderer.render(scene, camera);
}
function initStats() {
var stats = new Stats();
stats.setMode(0); // 0: fps, 1: ms
// Align top-left
stats.domElement.style.position = 'absolute';
stats.domElement.style.left = '0px';
stats.domElement.style.top = '0px';
document.getElementById("Stats-output").appendChild(stats.domElement);
return stats;
}
}
window.onload = init
</script>
</body>
</html>
下面这段代码即点击addCube按钮时，会增加一个方块
其中name属性为方块指定了一个名字
this.addCube = function () {
var cubeSize = Math.ceil((Math.random() * 3));
var cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(cubeSize, cubeSize, cubeSize);
var cubeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: Math.random() * 0xffffff});
var cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, cubeMaterial);
cube.castShadow = true;
cube.name = "cube-" + scene.children.length;
// position the cube randomly in the scene
cube.position.x = -30 + Math.round((Math.random() * planeGeometry.parameters.width));
cube.position.y = Math.round((Math.random() * 5));
cube.position.z = -20 + Math.round((Math.random() * planeGeometry.parameters.height));
// add the cube to the scene
scene.add(cube);
this.numberOfObjects = scene.children.length;
};
使用dat.GUI编辑界面
var gui = new dat.GUI();
gui.add(controls, 'rotationSpeed', 0, 0.5);
gui.add(controls, 'addCube');
gui.add(controls, 'removeCube');
gui.add(controls, 'outputObjects');
gui.add(controls, 'numberOfObjects').listen();
删除方块
this.removeCube = function () {
var allChildren = scene.children;
var lastObject = allChildren[allChildren.length - 1];
if (lastObject instanceof THREE.Mesh) {
scene.remove(lastObject);
this.numberOfObjects = scene.children.length;
}
};
增加雾化
scene.fog = new THREE.Fog(0xffffff, 0.015, 100);
使用几何和网格对象
Three.js库附带了很多现成的几何体，只要加上材质，创建一个mesh变量，基本上就算完成了。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example 02.04 - Geometries</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/three.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/ParametricGeometries.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/ConvexGeometry.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/stats.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/dat.gui.js"></script>
<style>
body {
/* set margin to 0 and overflow to hidden, to go fullscreen */
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="Stats-output">
</div>
<!-- Div which will hold the Output -->
<div id="WebGL-output">
</div>
<!-- Javascript code that runs our Three.js examples -->
<script type="text/javascript">
// once everything is loaded, we run our Three.js stuff.
function init() {
var stats = initStats();
// create a scene, that will hold all our elements such as objects, cameras and lights.
var scene = new THREE.Scene();
// create a camera, which defines where we're looking at.
var camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
// create a render and set the size
var renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
renderer.setClearColor(new THREE.Color(0xEEEEEE, 1.0));
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
renderer.shadowMapEnabled = true;
// create the ground plane
var planeGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(60, 40, 1, 1);
var planeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0xffffff});
var plane = new THREE.Mesh(planeGeometry, planeMaterial);
plane.receiveShadow = true;
// rotate and position the plane
plane.rotation.x = -0.5 * Math.PI;
plane.position.x = 0;
plane.position.y = 0;
plane.position.z = 0;
// add the plane to the scene
scene.add(plane);
// position and point the camera to the center of the scene
camera.position.x = -50;
camera.position.y = 30;
camera.position.z = 20;
camera.lookAt(new THREE.Vector3(-10, 0, 0));
// add subtle ambient lighting
var ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x090909);
scene.add(ambientLight);
// add spotlight for the shadows
var spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff);
spotLight.position.set(-40, 40, 50);
spotLight.castShadow = true;
scene.add(spotLight);
// add geometries
addGeometries(scene);
// add the output of the renderer to the html element
document.getElementById("WebGL-output").appendChild(renderer.domElement);
// call the render function
var step = 0;
render();
function addGeometries(scene) {
var geoms = [];
geoms.push(new THREE.CylinderGeometry(1, 4, 4));
// basic cube
geoms.push(new THREE.BoxGeometry(2, 2, 2));
// basic spherer
geoms.push(new THREE.SphereGeometry(2));
geoms.push(new THREE.IcosahedronGeometry(4));
// create a convex shape (a shape without dents)
// using a couple of points
// for instance a cube
var points = [
new THREE.Vector3(2, 2, 2),
new THREE.Vector3(2, 2, -2),
new THREE.Vector3(-2, 2, -2),
new THREE.Vector3(-2, 2, 2),
new THREE.Vector3(2, -2, 2),
new THREE.Vector3(2, -2, -2),
new THREE.Vector3(-2, -2, -2),
new THREE.Vector3(-2, -2, 2)
];
geoms.push(new THREE.ConvexGeometry(points));
// create a lathgeometry
//http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lathe_(graphics)
var pts = [];//points array - the path profile points will be stored here
var detail = .1;//half-circle detail - how many angle increments will be used to generate points
var radius = 3;//radius for half_sphere
for (var angle = 0.0; angle < Math.PI; angle += detail)//loop from 0.0 radians to PI (0 - 180 degrees)
pts.push(new THREE.Vector3(Math.cos(angle) * radius, 0, Math.sin(angle) * radius));//angle/radius to x,z
geoms.push(new THREE.LatheGeometry(pts, 12));
// create a OctahedronGeometry
geoms.push(new THREE.OctahedronGeometry(3));
// create a geometry based on a function
geoms.push(new THREE.ParametricGeometry(THREE.ParametricGeometries.mobius3d, 20, 10));
//
geoms.push(new THREE.TetrahedronGeometry(3));
geoms.push(new THREE.TorusGeometry(3, 1, 10, 10));
geoms.push(new THREE.TorusKnotGeometry(3, 0.5, 50, 20));
var j = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < geoms.length; i++) {
var cubeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({wireframe: true, color: Math.random() * 0xffffff});
var materials = [
new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: Math.random() * 0xffffff, shading: THREE.FlatShading}),
new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({color: 0x000000, wireframe: true})
];
var mesh = THREE.SceneUtils.createMultiMaterialObject(geoms[i], materials);
mesh.traverse(function (e) {
e.castShadow = true
});
//var mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geoms[i],materials[i]);
//mesh.castShadow=true;
mesh.position.x = -24 + ((i % 4) * 12);
mesh.position.y = 4;
mesh.position.z = -8 + (j * 12);
if ((i + 1) % 4 == 0) j++;
scene.add(mesh);
}
}
function render() {
stats.update();
// render using requestAnimationFrame
requestAnimationFrame(render);
renderer.render(scene, camera);
}
function initStats() {
var stats = new Stats();
stats.setMode(0); // 0: fps, 1: ms
// Align top-left
stats.domElement.style.position = 'absolute';
stats.domElement.style.left = '0px';
stats.domElement.style.top = '0px';
document.getElementById("Stats-output").appendChild(stats.domElement);
return stats;
}
}
window.onload = init
</script>
</body>
</html>
geometry
Three.js库中的geometry和其他大多数三维库中的一样，基本上是三维空间中的点集，以及一些将这些点连接起来的面。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example 02.05 - Custom geometry</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/three.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/stats.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/dat.gui.js"></script>
<style>
body {
/* set margin to 0 and overflow to hidden, to go fullscreen */
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="Stats-output">
</div>
<!-- Div which will hold the Output -->
<div id="WebGL-output">
</div>
<!-- Javascript code that runs our Three.js examples -->
<script type="text/javascript">
// once everything is loaded, we run our Three.js stuff.
function init() {
var stats = initStats();
// create a scene, that will hold all our elements such as objects, cameras and lights.
var scene = new THREE.Scene();
// create a camera, which defines where we're looking at.
var camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
// create a render and set the size
var renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
renderer.setClearColor(new THREE.Color(0xEEEEEE, 1.0));
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
renderer.shadowMapEnabled = true;
// create the ground plane
var planeGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(60, 40, 1, 1);
var planeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0xffffff});
var plane = new THREE.Mesh(planeGeometry, planeMaterial);
plane.receiveShadow = true;
// rotate and position the plane
plane.rotation.x = -0.5 * Math.PI;
plane.position.x = 0;
plane.position.y = 0;
plane.position.z = 0;
// add the plane to the scene
scene.add(plane);
// position and point the camera to the center of the scene
camera.position.x = -20;
camera.position.y = 25;
camera.position.z = 20;
camera.lookAt(new THREE.Vector3(5, 0, 0));
// add subtle ambient lighting
// var ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x494949);
// scene.add(ambientLight);
// add spotlight for the shadows
var spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff);
spotLight.position.set(-40, 60, 10);
spotLight.castShadow = true;
scene.add(spotLight);
// add the output of the renderer to the html element
document.getElementById("WebGL-output").appendChild(renderer.domElement);
// call the render function
var step = 0;
var vertices = [
new THREE.Vector3(1, 3, 1),
new THREE.Vector3(1, 3, -1),
new THREE.Vector3(1, -1, 1),
new THREE.Vector3(1, -1, -1),
new THREE.Vector3(-1, 3, -1),
new THREE.Vector3(-1, 3, 1),
new THREE.Vector3(-1, -1, -1),
new THREE.Vector3(-1, -1, 1)
];
var faces = [
new THREE.Face3(0, 2, 1),
new THREE.Face3(2, 3, 1),
new THREE.Face3(4, 6, 5),
new THREE.Face3(6, 7, 5),
new THREE.Face3(4, 5, 1),
new THREE.Face3(5, 0, 1),
new THREE.Face3(7, 6, 2),
new THREE.Face3(6, 3, 2),
new THREE.Face3(5, 7, 0),
new THREE.Face3(7, 2, 0),
new THREE.Face3(1, 3, 4),
new THREE.Face3(3, 6, 4),
];
var geom = new THREE.Geometry();
geom.vertices = vertices;
geom.faces = faces;
geom.computeFaceNormals();
var materials = [
new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({opacity: 0.6, color: 0x44ff44, transparent: true}),
new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({color: 0x000000, wireframe: true})
];
var mesh = THREE.SceneUtils.createMultiMaterialObject(geom, materials);
mesh.children.forEach(function (e) {
e.castShadow = true
});
// mesh.children[0].translateX(0.5);
// mesh.children[0].translateZ(0.5);
scene.add(mesh);
function addControl(x, y, z) {
var controls = new function () {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.z = z;
};
return controls;
}
var controlPoints = [];
controlPoints.push(addControl(3, 5, 3));
controlPoints.push(addControl(3, 5, 0));
controlPoints.push(addControl(3, 0, 3));
controlPoints.push(addControl(3, 0, 0));
controlPoints.push(addControl(0, 5, 0));
controlPoints.push(addControl(0, 5, 3));
controlPoints.push(addControl(0, 0, 0));
controlPoints.push(addControl(0, 0, 3));
var gui = new dat.GUI();
gui.add(new function () {
this.clone = function () {
var clonedGeometry = mesh.children[0].geometry.clone();
var materials = [
new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({opacity: 0.6, color: 0xff44ff, transparent: true}),
new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({color: 0x000000, wireframe: true})
];
var mesh2 = THREE.SceneUtils.createMultiMaterialObject(clonedGeometry, materials);
mesh2.children.forEach(function (e) {
e.castShadow = true
});
mesh2.translateX(5);
mesh2.translateZ(5);
mesh2.name = "clone";
scene.remove(scene.getChildByName("clone"));
scene.add(mesh2);
}
}, 'clone');
for (var i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
f1 = gui.addFolder('Vertices ' + (i + 1));
f1.add(controlPoints[i], 'x', -10, 10);
f1.add(controlPoints[i], 'y', -10, 10);
f1.add(controlPoints[i], 'z', -10, 10);
}
render();
function addCube() {
}
function render() {
stats.update();
var vertices = [];
for (var i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
vertices.push(new THREE.Vector3(controlPoints[i].x, controlPoints[i].y, controlPoints[i].z));
}
mesh.children.forEach(function (e) {
e.geometry.vertices = vertices;
e.geometry.verticesNeedUpdate = true;
e.geometry.computeFaceNormals();
});
// render using requestAnimationFrame
requestAnimationFrame(render);
renderer.render(scene, camera);
}
function initStats() {
var stats = new Stats();
stats.setMode(0); // 0: fps, 1: ms
// Align top-left
stats.domElement.style.position = 'absolute';
stats.domElement.style.left = '0px';
stats.domElement.style.top = '0px';
document.getElementById("Stats-output").appendChild(stats.domElement);
return stats;
}
}
window.onload = init
</script>
</body>
</html>
下面这段代码是创建一个简单的方块，vertices数组定义了构成这个方块的点。将这些点连接起来，创建三角面片，并保存在faces数组里。
var vertices = [
new THREE.Vector3(1, 3, 1),
new THREE.Vector3(1, 3, -1),
new THREE.Vector3(1, -1, 1),
new THREE.Vector3(1, -1, -1),
new THREE.Vector3(-1, 3, -1),
new THREE.Vector3(-1, 3, 1),
new THREE.Vector3(-1, -1, -1),
new THREE.Vector3(-1, -1, 1)
];
var faces = [
new THREE.Face3(0, 2, 1),
new THREE.Face3(2, 3, 1),
new THREE.Face3(4, 6, 5),
new THREE.Face3(6, 7, 5),
new THREE.Face3(4, 5, 1),
new THREE.Face3(5, 0, 1),
new THREE.Face3(7, 6, 2),
new THREE.Face3(6, 3, 2),
new THREE.Face3(5, 7, 0),
new THREE.Face3(7, 2, 0),
new THREE.Face3(1, 3, 4),
new THREE.Face3(3, 6, 4),
];
var geom = new THREE.Geometry();
geom.vertices = vertices;
geom.faces = faces;
geom.computeFaceNormals();
更换相机
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example 02.07 - Cameras</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/three.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/stats.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../libs/dat.gui.js"></script>
<style>
body {
/* set margin to 0 and overflow to hidden, to go fullscreen */
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="Stats-output">
</div>
<!-- Div which will hold the Output -->
<div id="WebGL-output">
</div>
<!-- Javascript code that runs our Three.js examples -->
<script type="text/javascript">
// once everything is loaded, we run our Three.js stuff.
function init() {
var stats = initStats();
// create a scene, that will hold all our elements such as objects, cameras and lights.
var scene = new THREE.Scene();
// create a camera, which defines where we're looking at.
var camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
camera.position.x = 120;
camera.position.y = 60;
camera.position.z = 180;
// create a render and set the size
var renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
renderer.setClearColor(new THREE.Color(0xEEEEEE, 1.0));
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
// create the ground plane
var planeGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(180, 180);
var planeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0xffffff});
var plane = new THREE.Mesh(planeGeometry, planeMaterial);
// rotate and position the plane
plane.rotation.x = -0.5 * Math.PI;
plane.position.x = 0;
plane.position.y = 0;
plane.position.z = 0;
// add the plane to the scene
scene.add(plane);
var cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(4, 4, 4);
for (var j = 0; j < (planeGeometry.parameters.height / 5); j++) {
for (var i = 0; i < planeGeometry.parameters.width / 5; i++) {
var rnd = Math.random() * 0.75 + 0.25;
var cubeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial();
cubeMaterial.color = new THREE.Color(rnd, 0, 0);
var cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, cubeMaterial);
cube.position.z = -((planeGeometry.parameters.height) / 2) + 2 + (j * 5);
cube.position.x = -((planeGeometry.parameters.width) / 2) + 2 + (i * 5);
cube.position.y = 2;
scene.add(cube);
}
}
var directionalLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 0.7);
directionalLight.position.set(-20, 40, 60);
scene.add(directionalLight);
// add subtle ambient lighting
var ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x292929);
scene.add(ambientLight);
// add the output of the renderer to the html element
document.getElementById("WebGL-output").appendChild(renderer.domElement);
// call the render function
var step = 0;
var controls = new function () {
this.perspective = "Perspective";
this.switchCamera = function () {
if (camera instanceof THREE.PerspectiveCamera) {
camera = new THREE.OrthographicCamera(window.innerWidth / -16, window.innerWidth / 16, window.innerHeight / 16, window.innerHeight / -16, -200, 500);
camera.position.x = 120;
camera.position.y = 60;
camera.position.z = 180;
camera.lookAt(scene.position);
this.perspective = "Orthographic";
} else {
camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
camera.position.x = 120;
camera.position.y = 60;
camera.position.z = 180;
camera.lookAt(scene.position);
this.perspective = "Perspective";
}
};
};
var gui = new dat.GUI();
gui.add(controls, 'switchCamera');
gui.add(controls, 'perspective').listen();
// make sure that for the first time, the
// camera is looking at the scene
camera.lookAt(scene.position);
render();
function render() {
stats.update();
// render using requestAnimationFrame
requestAnimationFrame(render);
renderer.render(scene, camera);
}
function initStats() {
var stats = new Stats();
stats.setMode(0); // 0: fps, 1: ms
// Align top-left
stats.domElement.style.position = 'absolute';
stats.domElement.style.left = '0px';
stats.domElement.style.top = '0px';
document.getElementById("Stats-output").appendChild(stats.domElement);
return stats;
}
}
window.onload = init
</script>
</body>
</html>
this.switchCamera = function () {
if (camera instanceof THREE.PerspectiveCamera) {
camera = new THREE.OrthographicCamera(window.innerWidth / -16, window.innerWidth / 16, window.innerHeight / 16, window.innerHeight / -16, -200, 500);
camera.position.x = 120;
camera.position.y = 60;
camera.position.z = 180;
camera.lookAt(scene.position);
this.perspective = "Orthographic";
} else {
camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
camera.position.x = 120;
camera.position.y = 60;
camera.position.z = 180;
camera.lookAt(scene.position);
this.perspective = "Perspective";
}
Part3 光源（暂时跳过）
Part4 材质（pass）
Part5 学习使用几何体（暂时pass）
Part6 使用高级几何体和二元操作
ion initStats() {
var stats = new Stats();
stats.setMode(0); // 0: fps, 1: ms
// Align top-left
stats.domElement.style.position = 'absolute';
stats.domElement.style.left = '0px';
stats.domElement.style.top = '0px';
document.getElementById("Stats-output").appendChild(stats.domElement);
return stats;
}
}
window.onload = init
this.switchCamera = function () {
if (camera instanceof THREE.PerspectiveCamera) {
camera = new THREE.OrthographicCamera(window.innerWidth / -16, window.innerWidth / 16, window.innerHeight / 16, window.innerHeight / -16, -200, 500);
camera.position.x = 120;
camera.position.y = 60;
camera.position.z = 180;
camera.lookAt(scene.position);
this.perspective = "Orthographic";
} else {
camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
camera.position.x = 120;
camera.position.y = 60;
camera.position.z = 180;
camera.lookAt(scene.position);
this.perspective = "Perspective";
}
Part3 光源（暂时跳过）
[外链图片转存中…(img-tz1qt0yA-1677648473043)]
[外链图片转存中…(img-RFvltiZl-1677648473044)]
Part4 材质（pass）
[外链图片转存中…(img-EVVBXkmj-1677648473044)]
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