CoreData添加数据和查询数据

   它提供了对象-关系映射(ORM)的功能，可以将OC对象转化成数据，保存在SQLite数据库文件中，也能够将保存在数据库中的数据还原成OC对象在此数据操作期间，我们不需要编写任何SQL语句 这种方式 是苹果提倡咱们使用数据库的一种方式 它能减少咱们在使用sqlite时候的代码量以及复杂度 转化成的数据就是Object的子类，或者说是NSManagedObject的子类 对比关系数据库 和coredata存储的内容

   CoreData负责管理这些对象之间的关系

   只要Xcode里面建立了visual map就可以新建对象

   并把对象添加到数据库里，同时也可以删除、查询

   也可以使用属性来访问，数据库中对象内部的数据，底层的通讯由CoreData负责管理

 modle里面包含了entry实体相当于数据库中的表  实体里面又包含了:

 1、attributes属性 基本数值型属性（如Int16, BOOL, Date等类型的属性）

 2、relationship关系  属性之间的关系(可以把另一个对象当做不另一个对象的属性)

 3、Fetched Property读取属性 查询属性 相当于数据库中的查询语句

步骤：

 1.初始化NSManagedObjectModel对象，加载读取模型文件

 2.初始化NSPersistentStoreCoordinator对象，在数据库中读取数据生成 Managed Object，或保存 Managed Object写入数据文件

 3.初始化NSManagedObjectContext对象，拿到这个上下文对象操作实体，进行增删改查（CRUD）操作

#pragma mark - Core Data stack

@synthesize managedObjectContext = _managedObjectContext;

@synthesize managedObjectModel = _managedObjectModel;

@synthesize persistentStoreCoordinator = _persistentStoreCoordinator;

- (NSURL *)applicationDocumentsDirectory {

    // The directory the application uses to store the Core Data store file. This code uses a directory named "Bruce.UI_NO_21" in the application's documents directory.

    return [[[NSFileManager defaultManager] URLsForDirectory:NSDocumentDirectory inDomains:NSUserDomainMask] lastObject];

}

//读取模型文件

- (NSManagedObjectModel *)managedObjectModel {

    // The managed object model for the application. It is a fatal error for the application not to be able to find and load its model.

    if (_managedObjectModel != nil) {

        return _managedObjectModel;

    }

    NSURL *modelURL = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:@"UI_NO_21" withExtension:@"momd"];

    _managedObjectModel = [[NSManagedObjectModel alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:modelURL];

    return _managedObjectModel;

}

//NSPersistentStoreCoordinator负责从数据文件(xml, sqlite,二进制文件等)中读取数据生成 Managed Object，或保存 Managed Object 写入数据文件  负责底层数据文件的读写，一般不需要对它进行操作

- (NSPersistentStoreCoordinator *)persistentStoreCoordinator {

    // The persistent store coordinator for the application. This implementation creates and return a coordinator, having added the store for the application to it.

    if (_persistentStoreCoordinator != nil) {

        return _persistentStoreCoordinator;

    }

    

    // Create the coordinator and store

    

    _persistentStoreCoordinator = [[NSPersistentStoreCoordinator alloc] initWithManagedObjectModel:[self managedObjectModel]];

    NSURL *storeURL = [[self applicationDocumentsDirectory] URLByAppendingPathComponent:@"UI_NO_21.sqlite"];

    NSError *error = nil;

    NSString *failureReason = @"There was an error creating or loading the application's saved data.";

    if (![_persistentStoreCoordinator addPersistentStoreWithType:NSSQLiteStoreType configuration:nil URL:storeURL options:nil error:&error]) {

        // Report any error we got.

        NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];

        dict[NSLocalizedDescriptionKey] = @"Failed to initialize the application's saved data";

        dict[NSLocalizedFailureReasonErrorKey] = failureReason;

        dict[NSUnderlyingErrorKey] = error;

        error = [NSError errorWithDomain:@"YOUR_ERROR_DOMAIN" code:9999 userInfo:dict];

        // Replace this with code to handle the error appropriately.

        // abort() causes the application to generate a crash log and terminate. You should not use this function in a shipping application, although it may be useful during development.

        NSLog(@"Unresolved error %@, %@", error, [error userInfo]);

        abort();

    }

    

    return _persistentStoreCoordinator;

}

//NSManagedObjectContext参与对数据进行各种操作的整个过程，它持有 Managed Object。我们通过它来监测 Managed Object。监测数据对象有两个作用：支持 undo（撤销信息）/redo（数据库前滚，重做）以及数据绑定。这个类是最常被用到的

- (NSManagedObjectContext *)managedObjectContext {

    // Returns the managed object context for the application (which is already bound to the persistent store coordinator for the application.)

    if (_managedObjectContext != nil) {

        return _managedObjectContext;

    }

    

    NSPersistentStoreCoordinator *coordinator = [self persistentStoreCoordinator];

    if (!coordinator) {

        return nil;

    }

    _managedObjectContext = [[NSManagedObjectContext alloc] init];

    [_managedObjectContext setPersistentStoreCoordinator:coordinator];

    return _managedObjectContext;

}

#pragma mark - Core Data Saving support

//相当于保存数据的方法 程序意外终止就会调用此方法

- (void)saveContext {

    NSManagedObjectContext *managedObjectContext = self.managedObjectContext;

    if (managedObjectContext != nil) {

        NSError *error = nil;

        if ([managedObjectContext hasChanges] && ![managedObjectContext save:&error]) {

            // Replace this implementation with code to handle the error appropriately.

            // abort() causes the application to generate a crash log and terminate. You should not use this function in a shipping application, although it may be useful during development.

            NSLog(@"Unresolved error %@, %@", error, [error userInfo]);

            abort();

        }

    }

}

+ (AppDelegate *)appDelegate

{

    return (AppDelegate *)[UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate;

}

以下是具体存储数据和查询数据的代码：

- (void)addEntity

{

    /**

   操作coreData

    1、不管增删改查都需要先初始化上下文[app managedObjectContext]

    2、插入具体内容到上下文

    + (id)insertNewObjectForEntityForName:(NSString *)entityName inManagedObjectContext:(NSManagedObjectContext *)context;

    3、保存 saveContext

     */

//    1.初始化上下文

   NSManagedObjectContext *context = [[AppDelegate appDelegate] managedObjectContext];

//   实体描述

  Message *message = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"Message" inManagedObjectContext:context];

    [message setValue:postView.titleTextField.text forKey:@"title"];

    [message setValue:postView.contentTextView.text forKey:@"content"];

    

    NSArray *images = @[@"00.jpg",@"11.jpg",@"22.jpg",@"33.jpg",@"44.jpg"];

    int arc = arc4random()%images.count;

    UserInfo *user = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"UserInfo" inManagedObjectContext:context];

    [user setValue:images[arc] forKey:@"name"];

     [user setValue:@(19+arc) forKey:@"age"];

    UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@.jpg",images[arc]]];

     [user setValue:UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 1) forKey:@"headerImage"];

    [user setValue:message forKey:@"relationship"];

//   保存数据

    [[AppDelegate appDelegate] saveContext];

}

//查询数据

/**

 谓词NSPredicate条件语句

 1、比较运算符>,<,==,>=,<=,!=

 可用于数值和字符串等的比较

 如：@“age >= 23” 筛选 年纪大于23岁的元素

 

 2、范围运算符：IN、BETWEEN

 例：@"number BETWEEN {10,50}"

 @"address IN {'河南','北京'}"

 

 3、字符串本身:SELF

 例：@“SELF == ‘APPLE’"

 

 4、字符串相关：BEGINSWITH、ENDSWITH、CONTAINS

 例：@"name CONTAIN[cd] 'ang'"   //包含某个字符串

 @"name BEGINSWITH[c] 'sh'"     //以某个字符串开头

 @"name ENDSWITH[d] 'ang'"      //以某个字符串结束

 注:[c]不区分大小写[d]不区分发音符号即没有重音符号[cd]既不区分大小写，也不区分发音符号。

 

 (5)通配符：

 LIKE模糊查询

 例：@"name LIKE[cd] '*b*'"    *代表通配符,表示前面后面有一个或多个字符

 6、正则表达式

 读取coreData

 1、读取managedObjectModel

 2、找到里面所有实体的名字[model entitiesByName]

 3、找到要读取的实体NSEntityDescription *entry = entryDic[@"UserInfo"];

 4、初始化查询对象 NSFetchRequest *request = [[NSFetchRequest alloc]init];

 5、通过上下文查找 NSArray *list = [context executeFetchRequest:request error:nil];

 */

#pragma mark ----加载数据------

- (void)loadData

{

    NSManagedObjectContext *context = [[AppDelegate appDelegate]managedObjectContext];

    NSManagedObjectModel *model = [[AppDelegate appDelegate]managedObjectModel];

    NSDictionary *entityDic = [model entitiesByName];

    NSEntityDescription *entity = entityDic[@"UserInfo"];

    NSFetchRequest *request = [[NSFetchRequest alloc]init];

    request.entity = entity;

   list = [context executeFetchRequest:request error:nil];

    NSLog(@"list:%@",list);

    if (list.count != 0) {

        [showView reloadData];

    }

}