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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lcpljj/article/details/117369846

本文介绍了SQL查询的多个实际案例，包括课程成绩比较、学生信息筛选、平均成绩计算、课程选修情况统计等。通过这些例子展示了如何利用SQL进行数据检索、聚合、排序和分组，以及如何在成绩分析中应用SQL进行数据挖掘。

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--1.学生表
Student(SId,Sname,Sage,Ssex)
--SId 学生编号,Sname 学生姓名,Sage 出生年月,Ssex 学生性别

--2.课程表
Course(CId,Cname,TId)
--CId 课程编号,Cname 课程名称,TId 教师编号

--3.教师表
Teacher(TId,Tname)
--TId 教师编号,Tname 教师姓名

--4.成绩表
SC(SId,CId,score)
--SId 学生编号,CId 课程编号,score 分数

学生表 Student

create table Student(SId varchar(10),Sname varchar(10),Sage datetime,Ssex varchar(10));

insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');

insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');

insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-12-20' , '男');

insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-12-06' , '男');

insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');

insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-01-01' , '女');

insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-01-01' , '女');

insert into Student values('09' , '张三' , '2017-12-20' , '女');

insert into Student values('10' , '李四' , '2017-12-25' , '女');

insert into Student values('11' , '李四' , '2012-06-06' , '女');

insert into Student values('12' , '赵六' , '2013-06-13' , '女');

insert into Student values('13' , '孙七' , '2014-06-01' , '女');

科目表 Course

create table Course(CId varchar(10),Cname nvarchar(10),TId varchar(10));

insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');

insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');

insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');

教师表 Teacher

create table Teacher(TId varchar(10),Tname varchar(10));

insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');

insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');

insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');

成绩表 SC

create table SC(SId varchar(10),CId varchar(10),score decimal(18,1));

insert into SC values('01' , '01' , 80);

insert into SC values('01' , '02' , 90);

insert into SC values('01' , '03' , 99);

insert into SC values('02' , '01' , 70);

insert into SC values('02' , '02' , 60);

insert into SC values('02' , '03' , 80);

insert into SC values('03' , '01' , 80);

insert into SC values('03' , '02' , 80);

insert into SC values('03' , '03' , 80);

insert into SC values('04' , '01' , 50);

insert into SC values('04' , '02' , 30);

insert into SC values('04' , '03' , 20);

insert into SC values('05' , '01' , 76);

insert into SC values('05' , '02' , 87);

insert into SC values('06' , '01' , 31);

insert into SC values('06' , '03' , 34);

insert into SC values('07' , '02' , 89);

insert into SC values('07' , '03' , 98);

练习题目

查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数

select student.*,c.01_score,c.02_score

from student right join

(select a.SId,a.score 01_score,b.score 02_score

from

(select * from sc where sc.CId='01')as a,

(select * from sc where sc.CId='02')as b

where a.SId=b.SId and a.score>b.score) as c

on student.SId=c.SId;

1.1查询同时存在" 01 "课程和" 02 "课程的情况

select * from (select * from sc where sc.CId='01')as a,(select * from sc where sc.CId='02')as b where a.SId=b.SId ;

1. 查询存在" 01 "课程但可能不存在" 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )

select * from (select * from sc where sc.CId='01')as a left join (select * from sc where sc.CId='02')as b on a.CId='01' and a.SId=b.SId;

1. 查询不存在" 01 "课程但存在" 02 "课程的情况

select * from (select * from sc where sc.CId='01')as a right join (select * from sc where sc.CId='02')as b on b.CId='02' and a.SId=b.SId;

查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩

select student.SId,student.Sname,b from student inner join (select SId,avg(score) as b from sc group by SId having avg(score)>=60) a on student.SId=a.SId;

查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息

select student.* from student inner join (select distinct SId from sc) a on student.SId=a.SId;

查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null )

select student.SId,student.Sname,a.cou,a.su from student left join (select distinct SId, count(SId) as cou,sum(score) as su from sc group by SId) a on student.SId=a.SId;

1. 查有成绩的学生信息

select student.* from student inner join (select distinct SId from sc) a on student.SId=a.SId;

查询「李」姓老师的数量

select count(Tname) as cou from teacher

where Tname like '李%';

查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息

select student.* from student,teacher,course,sc

where student.sid = sc.sid and course.cid=sc.cid and course.tid = teacher.tid and tname = '张三';

查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息

select * from student where student.sid not in (select sc.sid from sc group by sc.sid having count(sc.cid)= (select count(cid) from course));

查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息

select * from student

where student.sid in (

select sc.sid from sc

where sc.cid in(

select sc.cid from sc

where sc.sid = '01'));

查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息

select distinct s.* from student s

join sc on s.sid=sc.sid

where s.sid in (

select sc.sid from sc

group by sc.sid

having group_concat(sc.cid order by cid) = (

select group_concat(sc.cid order by cid) from sc

where sc.sid='01' group by sc.sid));

查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

select Sname from student

where student.sid not in(

select sc.sid from sc,course,teacher

where sc.cid = course.cid

and course.tid = teacher.tid

and teacher.tname= "张三"

);

查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩

select student.sid, student.sname,b.avg

from student right join

(select sid, avg(score) as avg from sc

where sid in (

select sid from sc

where score<60

group by sid

having count(score)>1)

group by sid) b on student.sid=b.sid;

检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60，按分数降序排列的学生信息

select student.* from student

join (select sid,score from sc where sc.score<60 and cid='01') a

where student.sid=a.sid order by a.score desc;

按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩

select sc.sid,cid,score,a.avg from sc

join (select sid,avg(score) avg from sc group by sid) a

on sc.sid=a.sid

order by a.avg desc;

查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：

以如下形式显示：课程 ID，课程 name，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率

及格为>=60，中等为：70-80，优良为：80-90，优秀为：>=90

要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列

select c.cid,cname,count(1) 选修人数,max(score) 最高分,min(score) 最低分,avg(score) 平均分,

sum(case when score>=60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(1) 及格率,

sum(case when score>=70 and score<80 then 1 else 0 end)/count(1) 中等率,

sum(case when score>=80 and score<90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(1) 优良率,

sum(case when score>=90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(1) 优秀率

from sc join course c on sc.cid=c.cid

group by sc.cid

order by 选修人数 desc,c.cid;

按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名， Score 重复时保留名次空缺

select *,rank() over (partition by cid order by score desc) as ran

from sc;

15.1 按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名， Score 重复时合并名次

select *, dense_rank() over (partition by cid order by score desc) as ran

from sc;

查询学生的总成绩，并进行排名，总分重复时保留名次空缺

select sid,sum(score), rank() over (order by sum(score) desc) as ran

from sc

group by sid;

16.1 查询学生的总成绩，并进行排名，总分重复时不保留名次空缺

select sid,sum(score), dense_rank() over (order by sum(score) desc) as ran

from sc

group by sid;

统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号，课程名称，[100-85]，[85-70]，[70-60]，[60-0] 及所占百分比

select a.cid 课程编号, b.cname 课程名称,

sum(case when a.score>=85 then 1 else 0 end) as '[100-85]人数',

sum(case when a.score>=70 and a.score<85 then 1 else 0 end) as '[85-70]人数',

sum(case when a.score>=60 and a.score<70 then 1 else 0 end) as '[70-60]人数',

sum(case when a.score<60 then 1 else 0 end) as '[60-0]人数',

sum(case when a.score>=85 then 1 else 0 end)/count(a.sid) as '[100-85]百分比',

sum(case when a.score>=70 and a.score<85 then 1 else 0 end)/count(a.sid) as '[85-70]百分比',

sum(case when a.score>=60 and a.score<70 then 1 else 0 end)/count(a.sid) as '[70-60]百分比',

sum(case when a.score<60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(a.sid) as '[60-0]百分比'

from sc as a inner join course as b on a.cid=b.cid

group by a.cid;

查询各科成绩前三名的记录

select *

from(select *, dense_rank() over (partition by cid order by score desc) as ran

from sc) a

where ran<=3;

查询每门课程被选修的学生数

select cid,count(sid) cou

from sc

group by cid;

查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名

select *

from (select sid,count(cid) cou

from sc

group by sid) a

where cou=2;

查询男生、女生人数

select ssex,count(sid) cou

from student

group by ssex;

查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息

select *

from student

where sname like '%风%';

查询同名同性学生名单，并统计同名人数

select * from

(select sname,count(sid) cou

from student

group by sname) a

where a.cou>1;

查询 1990 年出生的学生名单

select sname

from student

where sage like '1990%';

查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排列

select cid,avg(score) avgscore

from sc

group by cid

order by avgscore desc,cid asc;

查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

select student.sid,student.sname,a.avgscore

from student

inner join (select sid,avg(score) avgscore

from sc

group by sc.sid) a

on student.sid=a.sid

where a.avgscore>=85

;

查询课程名称为「数学」，且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数

select student.sname,a.score

from student

inner join (select sc.sid,sc.score

from sc

inner join course on sc.cid=course.cid

and course.cname='数学'

and sc.score<60) a

on student.sid=a.sid;

查询所有学生的课程及分数情况（存在学生没成绩，没选课的情况）
查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
查询不及格的课程
查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名
求每门课程的学生人数
成绩不重复，查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
成绩有重复的情况下，查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
查询每门功成绩最好的前两名
统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过 5 人的课程才统计）。
检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
查询各学生的年龄，只按年份来算
按照出生日期来算，当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则，年龄减一
查询本周过生日的学生
查询下周过生日的学生
查询本月过生日的学生
查询下月过生日的学生