文章目录
目标
在软件项目开发中dao层最常见的操作是数据库查询映射成pojo,数据库查询中最常见的操作是多表查询。数据库表和表之间的关系有一对一,一对多和多对多,而实际开发中表之间的关系只有一对一和一对多,通过使用dao层框架mybatis来完成一对一和一对多查询和对象关系映射。
操作步骤
mybaits环境搭建
1,导入jar包
<!-- 导入依赖 -->
<!-- MySql -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.32</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Mybatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.5</version>
</dependency>
<!--日志包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.25</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
2,配置核心配置文件:
mybatis-config
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<!--dtd是对xml配置标签与属性的约束-->
<configuration>
<settings>
<setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/>
</settings>
<typeAliases>
<!-- <typeAlias type="com.wzx.bean.User" alias="user"></typeAlias> -->
<!-- 扫描包下的类,并给类名起别名别名为类名首字母小写 -->
<package name="com.lcw.bean"/>
</typeAliases>
<!-- environments环境 开发环境,生产环境-->
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<!-- 使用jdbc的事务管理 -->
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<!-- dataSource Mybatis自带数据源连接池-->
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<!-- 四大信息 -->
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis01?characterEncoding=utf-8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<!-- 配置多个映射文件-->
<mappers>
<!-- <mapper resource="com/lcw/dao/UserDao.xml"/> -->
</mappers>
</configuration>
3,工具类:
MySessionUtils
//Session工具类
public class MySessionUtils {
private static SqlSessionFactory sessionFactory;
//static 静态代码,在类加载的时候执行一次,且只执行一次
static{
// 》1 创建SqlSessionFactoryBuilder对象
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
// 》2 创建SqlSessionFactory对象
InputStream inputStream = MySessionUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
sessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);//加载核心配置文件 参1 输入流
// 》3 加载SqlMapConfig.xml配置文件
}
public static SqlSession getSession() {
// 》4 创建SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = sessionFactory.openSession();
return sqlSession;
}
}
4,日志文件
log4j.properties
# Global logging configuration
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, stdout
# Console output...
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p [%t] - %m%n
表数据初始化
两张表,一张user表,一张order表。一个用户有多个订单,一个订单只对应一个用户。
CREATE DATABASE day13 DEFAULT CHARSET='UTF8';
USE day13;
CREATE TABLE USER (
id INT(11) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
username VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名称',
birthday DATE DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '生日',
sex CHAR(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '性别',
address VARCHAR(256) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '地址'
);ORDER
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (NULL, '王五', '2015-05-10', '2', NULL);
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (NULL, '张三', '2014-07-10', '1', '北京市');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (NULL, '张小明', '2018-11-11', '1', '郑州');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (NULL, '陈小明', '2019-07-20', '1', '广州');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (NULL, '张三丰', '2011-04-11', '1', '西安');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (NULL, '陈小明', '2019-09-10', '2', '杭州');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (NULL, '王五', '2014-07-07', NULL, NULL);
#创建订单表
CREATE TABLE `order`(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
user_id INT NOT NULL ,
number VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
createtime DATETIME NOT NULL,
note VARCHAR(100) DEFAULT NULL,
CONSTRAINT FK_order_id FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES USER(id)
);
INSERT INTO `order` VALUES ('3', '1', '1000010', '2018-02-04 13:22:35', '备注3');
INSERT INTO `order` VALUES ('4', '1', '1000011', '2017-02-03 13:22:41', NULL);
INSERT INTO `order` VALUES ('5', '5', '1000012', '2019-02-12 16:13:23', NULL);
INSERT INTO `order` VALUES ('6', '6', '1000012', '2025-02-12 16:13:23', NULL);
INSERT INTO `order` VALUES ('7', '7', '1000012', '2020-02-12 16:13:23', NULL);
开发框架目录介绍:
bean包:
user类:
src\main\java\com\js\bean\User.java
public class User {
private int id;
private String username;
private Data birthday;
private int sex;
private String address;
private List<Order> orders;//一对多用list存关联对象集合
.....
order类:
src\main\java\com\js\bean\Order.java
public class Order {
private Integer id;
private Integer userId;
private Integer number;
private Data createtime;
private String note;
private User user;//一对一直接存关联对象
...
dao包:
OrderDao:
src\main\java\com\js\dao\OrderDao.java
public interface OrderDao {
public List<Order> findOrders();
}
UserDao:
src\main\java\com\js\dao\UserDao.java
public interface UserDao {
List<User> findUsers();
}
util包:
src\main\java\com\js\util
//Session工具类
public class MySessionUtils {
private static SqlSessionFactory sessionFactory;
//static 静态代码,在类加载的时候执行一次,且只执行一次
static{
// 》1 创建SqlSessionFactoryBuilder对象
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
// 》2 创建SqlSessionFactory对象
InputStream inputStream = MySessionUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
sessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);//加载核心配置文件 参1 输入流
// 》3 加载SqlMapConfig.xml配置文件
}
public static SqlSession getSession() {
// 》4 创建SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = sessionFactory.openSession();
return sqlSession;
}
}
映射文件:
resultType映射:
数据库查询结果表里的属性必需和resultType中类中的属性名一致,否则映射为空。通过resultType印刷,如果要把order查询的数据映射成order实体类,要另写一个OrderUser类里面包含order类和user类的所有属性而且属性名必需和数据库查询结果的列名一一致。这种映射不方便,所以选择resultMap映射。
OrderDao.xml:通过resultMap实现一对一映射
src\main\resources\com\js\dao\OrderDao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--namespace:为对应的dao的全类名-->
<mapper namespace="com.js.dao.OrderDao">
<!-- resultMap:map名,和select标签map名对应
type:要映射的类
autoMapping:如果字段名和属性名一致,自动映射-->
<resultMap id="findOrdersMap" type="com.js.bean.Order" autoMapping="true">
<id column="id" property="id"></id>
<!-- association:表示关联对象
property:表示在类中的属性名
javaType:表示映射属性对应的类 -->
<association property="user" javaType="com.js.bean.User" autoMapping="true" >
<id column="uid" property="id"></id>
</association>
</resultMap>
<!-- id:为dao中对应的方法名
resultMap:map名,一般为id名+Map -->
<select id="findOrders" resultMap="findOrdersMap">
select o.id as id,
o.user_id as userId,
o.number,
o.createtime,
o.note,
u.id as uid,
u.username,
u.birthday,
u.sex,
u.address
from `order` o left join `user` u
on o.user_id=u.id;
</select>
</mapper
UserDao.xml:通过resultMap实现一对多映射
src\main\resources\com\js\dao\UserDao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.js.dao.UserDao">
<resultMap id="findUsersMap" type="user" autoMapping="true">
<id property="id" column="uid"></id>
<!-- collection:一对多映射
ofType:映射的集合中存的对象类型 -->
<collection property="orders" autoMapping="true" ofType="order">
<id property="id" column="oid"></id>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="findUsers" resultMap="findUsersMap">
SELECT u.id uid,u.username,u.birthday,u.sex,u.address,o.id oid,o.user_id userId,o.number,o.createtime,o.note
FROM `user` u LEFT JOIN `order` o ON u.id = o.user_id;
</select>
</mapper>
测试:
OrderDao一对一测试:
src\test\java\com\js\dao\OrderDaoTest.java
public class OrderDaoTest {
@Test
public void test01(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MySessionUtils.getSession();
OrderDao dao = sqlSession.getMapper(OrderDao.class);//内部就使用你编写接口来生成代理对象
//代理对象的方法内部 查询sql,并且执行jdbc代码
List<Order> orders = dao.findOrders();
for(Order o:orders){
System.out.println(o);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
}
UserDao一对多测试:
src\test\java\com\js\dao\UserDaoTest.java
public class UserDaoTest {
@Test
public void test01(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MySessionUtils.getSession();
UserDao dao = sqlSession.getMapper(UserDao.class);//内部就使用你编写接口来生成代理对象
//代理对象的方法内部 查询sql,并且执行jdbc代码
List<User> users = dao.findUsers();
for(User u:users){
System.out.println(u);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
}
问题
类中属性和数据库表字段名不一致的自动映射问题
解决:
-
修改类中属性名或数据库字段名使其一致
-
数据库查询结果通过as对字段名取别名
-
在resultMap标签中使用映射如
<result column="user_id" property="userId"></result>
数据库报错:
Query : select * from order LIMIT 0, 1000
Error Code : 1064
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'order LIMIT 0, 1000' at line 1
原因: order和sql中的关键字产生了冲突
解决: order加上数字栏最左边的分隔符不是分号
`order`