属性动画的工作原理

• 属性动画要求动画作用的对象提供该属性的set方法，属性动画根据你传递的该属性的初始值和最终值，以动画的效果多次去调用set方法。每次传递给set方法的值都不一样，确切来说是随着时间的推移，所传递的值越来越接近最终值。如果动画的时候没有传递初始值，那么还要提供get方法，因为系统要去获取属性的初始值。对于属性动画来说，其动画过程中所做的就是这么多，下面看源码分析。
  先从下面代码入口开始

 ObjectAnimator.ofInt().setDuration(5000).start()

先看ObjectAnimator的start()方法

  @Override
    public void start() {
        AnimationHandler.getInstance().autoCancelBasedOn(this);
        if (DBG) {
            Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Anim target, duration: " + getTarget() + ", " + getDuration());
            for (int i = 0; i < mValues.length; ++i) {
                PropertyValuesHolder pvh = mValues[i];
                Log.d(LOG_TAG, "   Values[" + i + "]: " +
                    pvh.getPropertyName() + ", " + pvh.mKeyframes.getValue(0) + ", " +
                    pvh.mKeyframes.getValue(1));
            }
        }
        super.start();
    }

AnimationHandler.getInstance().autoCancelBasedOn(this);

  void autoCancelBasedOn(ObjectAnimator objectAnimator) {
        for (int i = mAnimationCallbacks.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            AnimationFrameCallback cb = mAnimationCallbacks.get(i);
            if (cb == null) {
                continue;
            }
            if (objectAnimator.shouldAutoCancel(cb)) {
                ((Animator) mAnimationCallbacks.get(i)).cancel();
            }
        }
    }

首先会判断如果当前动画、等待的动画（Pending）和延迟的动画（Delay）中有和当前动画相同的动画，那么就把相同的动画给取消掉，接下来那一段是log，再接着就调用了父类的super.start()方法。因为ObjectAnimator继承了ValueAnimator，所以接下来我们看一下ValueAnimator的Start方法：

 private void start(boolean playBackwards) {
        if (Looper.myLooper() == null) {
            throw new AndroidRuntimeException("Animators may only be run on Looper threads");
        }
        mReversing = playBackwards;
        mSelfPulse = !mSuppressSelfPulseRequested;
        // Special case: reversing from seek-to-0 should act as if not seeked at all.
        if (playBackwards && mSeekFraction != -1 && mSeekFraction != 0) {
            if (mRepeatCount == INFINITE) {
                // Calculate the fraction of the current iteration.
                float fraction = (float) (mSeekFraction - Math.floor(mSeekFraction));
                mSeekFraction = 1 - fraction;
            } else {
                mSeekFraction = 1 + mRepeatCount - mSeekFraction;
            }
        }
        mStarted = true;
        mPaused = false;
        mRunning = false;
        mAnimationEndRequested = false;
        // Resets mLastFrameTime when start() is called, so that if the animation was running,
        // calling start() would put the animation in the
        // started-but-not-yet-reached-the-first-frame phase.
        mLastFrameTime = -1;
        mFirstFrameTime = -1;
        mStartTime = -1;
        addAnimationCallback(0);

        if (mStartDelay == 0 || mSeekFraction >= 0 || mReversing) {
            // If there's no start delay, init the animation and notify start listeners right away
            // to be consistent with the previous behavior. Otherwise, postpone this until the first
            // frame after the start delay.
            startAnimation();
            if (mSeekFraction == -1) {
                // No seek, start at play time 0. Note that the reason we are not using fraction 0
                // is because for animations with 0 duration, we want to be consistent with pre-N
                // behavior: skip to the final value immediately.
                setCurrentPlayTime(0);
            } else {
                setCurrentFraction(mSeekFraction);
            }
        }
    }

首先，上段代码第一行代码说明动画是需要运行在线程中

if (Looper.myLooper() == null) {
            throw new AndroidRuntimeException("Animators may only be run on Looper threads");
        }

紧接着调用了addAnimationCallback(0);方法为动画添加回调方法看一下其源码：
最终调用到了getAnimationHandler().addAnimationFrameCallback(this, delay);

public void addAnimationFrameCallback(final AnimationFrameCallback callback, long delay) {
        if (mAnimationCallbacks.size() == 0) {
            getProvider().postFrameCallback(mFrameCallback);
        }
        if (!mAnimationCallbacks.contains(callback)) {
            mAnimationCallbacks.add(callback);
        }

        if (delay > 0) {
            mDelayedCallbackStartTime.put(callback, (SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delay));
        }
    }

valueAnimation实现了AnimationFrameCallback，实际上传入的就是ValueAnimation的callback。最终加入到了mAnimationCallbacks队列中。
接下来调用到了startAnimation();方法

private void startAnimation() {
        if (Trace.isTagEnabled(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW)) {
            Trace.asyncTraceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, getNameForTrace(),
                    System.identityHashCode(this));
        }

        mAnimationEndRequested = false;
        initAnimation();
        mRunning = true;
        if (mSeekFraction >= 0) {
            mOverallFraction = mSeekFraction;
        } else {
            mOverallFraction = 0f;
        }
        if (mListeners != null) {
            notifyStartListeners();
        }
    }

调用了 initAnimation();方法

@CallSuper
    void initAnimation() {
        if (!mInitialized) {
            int numValues = mValues.length;
            for (int i = 0; i < numValues; ++i) {
                mValues[i].init();
            }
            mInitialized = true;
        }
    }

其中 mValues[i].init(); mValues是PropertyValuesHolder[] mValues;数组。调用了PropertyValuesHolder的init方法

    void init() {
        if (mEvaluator == null) {
            // We already handle int and float automatically, but not their Object
            // equivalents
            mEvaluator = (mValueType == Integer.class) ? sIntEvaluator :
                    (mValueType == Float.class) ? sFloatEvaluator :
                    null;
        }
        if (mEvaluator != null) {
            // KeyframeSet knows how to evaluate the common types - only give it a custom
            // evaluator if one has been set on this class
            mKeyframes.setEvaluator(mEvaluator);
        }
    }

此段代码主要是为了设置估值器如果之前写的是ofInt这里setEvaluato的就是IntEvaluator 如果是ofFloat就会传入floatEvaluator，估值器之前已经说过，会根据插值器和开始终止值来返回当前值。
接下来会调用setCurrentPlayTime()方法

public void setCurrentPlayTime(long playTime) {
        float fraction = mDuration > 0 ? (float) playTime / mDuration : 1;
        setCurrentFraction(fraction);
    }

mDuration是我们之前自己设置的，接下来看一下setCurrentFraction(fraction)

  public void setCurrentFraction(float fraction) {
        initAnimation();//初始化过就不会重新初始化
        fraction = clampFraction(fraction);//
        mStartTimeCommitted = true; // do not allow start time to be compensated for jank
        if (isPulsingInternal()) {
            long seekTime = (long) (getScaledDuration() * fraction);
            long currentTime = AnimationUtils.currentAnimationTimeMillis();
            // Only modify the start time when the animation is running. Seek fraction will ensure
            // non-running animations skip to the correct start time.
            mStartTime = currentTime - seekTime;
        } else {
            // If the animation loop hasn't started, or during start delay, the startTime will be
            // adjusted once the delay has passed based on seek fraction.
            mSeekFraction = fraction;
        }
        mOverallFraction = fraction;
        final float currentIterationFraction = getCurrentIterationFraction(fraction, mReversing);
        animateValue(currentIterationFraction);
    }

开始还是调用了initAnimation()方法，因为之前已经调用过里面的mInitialized = true;已经被调用所以初始化代码将不会被执行。最后通过调用animateValue(currentIterationFraction);方法来开始动画，首先会调用子类的方法

ObjectAnimation的animateValue方法

@CallSuper
    @Override
    void animateValue(float fraction) {
        final Object target = getTarget();
        if (mTarget != null && target == null) {
            // We lost the target reference, cancel and clean up. Note: we allow null target if the
            /// target has never been set.
            cancel();
            return;
        }

        super.animateValue(fraction);
        int numValues = mValues.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < numValues; ++i) {
            mValues[i].setAnimatedValue(target);
        }
    }

super.animateValue(fraction);调用到了父类的方法，估值器和插值器都是在父类执行的
mValues[i].setAnimatedValue(target);就是PropertyValuesHolder[] mValues;来记录改变target值
接下来看父类的animateValue()方法

 @CallSuper
    void animateValue(float fraction) {
        //获取插值器
        fraction = mInterpolator.getInterpolation(fraction);
        mCurrentFraction = fraction;
        int numValues = mValues.length;
        //通过插值器获取值给估值器计算出最终值
        for (int i = 0; i < numValues; ++i) {
            mValues[i].calculateValue(fraction);
        }
        //通知
        if (mUpdateListeners != null) {
            int numListeners = mUpdateListeners.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; ++i) {
                mUpdateListeners.get(i).onAnimationUpdate(this);
            }
        }
    }

父类方法走完之后会记录走子类 void animateValue(float fraction) 方法的下面代码最终会走到子类的 mValues[i].setAnimatedValue(target);方法。

void setAnimatedValue(Object target) {
        if (mProperty != null) {
            mProperty.set(target, getAnimatedValue());
        }
        if (mSetter != null) {
            try {
                mTmpValueArray[0] = getAnimatedValue();
                mSetter.invoke(target, mTmpValueArray);
            } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                Log.e("PropertyValuesHolder", e.toString());
            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                Log.e("PropertyValuesHolder", e.toString());
            }
        }
    }

这块就是 通过反射机制来修改属性，分析到这里，动画的一帧就结束了。那么接下来是怎么一帧一帧的调用的呢。之前设置的addAnimationCallback(0);方法。其中有一个方法是doAnimationFrame();来看一下它的实现是在父类当中实现的

public final boolean doAnimationFrame(long frameTime) {
        if (mStartTime < 0) {
            // First frame. If there is start delay, start delay count down will happen *after* this
            // frame.
            mStartTime = mReversing ? frameTime : frameTime + (long) (mStartDelay * sDurationScale);
        }

        // Handle pause/resume
        if (mPaused) {
            mPauseTime = frameTime;
            removeAnimationCallback();
            return false;
        } else if (mResumed) {
            mResumed = false;
            if (mPauseTime > 0) {
                // Offset by the duration that the animation was paused
                mStartTime += (frameTime - mPauseTime);
            }
        }

        if (!mRunning) {
            // If not running, that means the animation is in the start delay phase of a forward
            // running animation. In the case of reversing, we want to run start delay in the end.
            if (mStartTime > frameTime && mSeekFraction == -1) {
                // This is when no seek fraction is set during start delay. If developers change the
                // seek fraction during the delay, animation will start from the seeked position
                // right away.
                return false;
            } else {
                // If mRunning is not set by now, that means non-zero start delay,
                // no seeking, not reversing. At this point, start delay has passed.
                mRunning = true;
                startAnimation();
            }
        }

        if (mLastFrameTime < 0) {
            if (mSeekFraction >= 0) {
                long seekTime = (long) (getScaledDuration() * mSeekFraction);
                mStartTime = frameTime - seekTime;
                mSeekFraction = -1;
            }
            mStartTimeCommitted = false; // allow start time to be compensated for jank
        }
        mLastFrameTime = frameTime;
        // The frame time might be before the start time during the first frame of
        // an animation.  The "current time" must always be on or after the start
        // time to avoid animating frames at negative time intervals.  In practice, this
        // is very rare and only happens when seeking backwards.
        final long currentTime = Math.max(frameTime, mStartTime);
        boolean finished = animateBasedOnTime(currentTime);

        if (finished) {
            endAnimation();
        }
        return finished;
    }

具体就不分析了，直到动画结束之前都会不断地循环调用动画。
再来分析doAnimationFrame() 是如何被不断调用的。在 AnimationHandler 中有一个非常重要的 callback 实现——Choreographer.FrameCallback。了解垂直同步（ VSync）的同学知道，Andorid 中的重绘就是由Choreographer在 1 秒内产生 60 个 vsync 来通知 view tree 进行 view 的重绘的。而 vsync 产生后会调用它的监听者回调接口 Choreographer.FrameCallback，也就是说，只要向Choreographer注册了这个接口，就会每 1 秒里收到 60 次回调。因此，在这里就实现了不断地调用 doAnimationFrame() 来驱动动画了。想必看到这里，你应该明白了同学们常说的动画掉帧的原因了吧。如果 view 的绘制过于复杂，即在 15 ms 内无法完成，那么就会使得中间某些帧跳过从而造成掉帧。