NIO知识总结

NIO知识总结

简介

NIO即非阻塞IO，基于通道和缓冲区得I/O方式，使用堆外内存，通过Java堆DirectByteBuffer对象使用。

组件

三大组件：Channel（通道）、Buffer（缓冲区）、Selector（选择器）。

1. Channel
   通道，双向的可读写，用于IO操作，这里可以看一下Mq的使用。
2. Buffer
   缓冲区
3. Selector
   选择器，用于监听多个channel的情况。

对比

传统IO处理方式，一个线程一个连接浪费网络资源。
NIO处理方式

代码实练

写的比较简单，在一个项目里，创建NioService模拟服务端和创建NioClient模拟客户端。
这是项目的结构
服务端

package network.nio;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

/**
 *
 * @author LDZ
 */
public class NioServer {

    //端口号
    private int port;
    private Selector selector;
    private ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new NioServer(8888).start();
    }

    public NioServer(int port) {
        this.port = port;
    }

    public void init() {
        ServerSocketChannel ssc = null;
        try {
            ssc = ServerSocketChannel.open();
            ssc.configureBlocking(false);
            ssc.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
            selector = Selector.open();
            ssc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
            System.out.println("NioServer started ......");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
        }
    }

    public void accept(SelectionKey key) {
        try {
            ServerSocketChannel ssc = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
            SocketChannel sc = ssc.accept();
            sc.configureBlocking(false);
            sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
            System.out.println("accept a client : " + sc.socket().getInetAddress().getHostName());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void start() {
        //将Channel注册到Selector
        this.init();
        while (true) {
            try {
                int events = selector.select();
                if (events > 0) {
                    Iterator<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
                    while (selectionKeys.hasNext()) {
                        SelectionKey key = selectionKeys.next();
                        selectionKeys.remove();
                        if (key.isAcceptable()) {
                            accept(key);
                        } else {
                            service.submit(new NioServerHandler(key));
                        }
                    }
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static class NioServerHandler implements Runnable {

        private SelectionKey selectionKey;

        public NioServerHandler(SelectionKey selectionKey) {
            this.selectionKey = selectionKey;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                if (selectionKey.isReadable()) {
                    SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
                    ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                    socketChannel.read(buffer);
                    buffer.flip();
                    System.out.println("收到客户端" + socketChannel.socket().getInetAddress().getHostName() + "的数据：" + new String(buffer.array()));
                    //将数据添加到key中
                    ByteBuffer outBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer.array());
                    socketChannel.write(outBuffer);// 将消息回送给客户端
                    selectionKey.cancel();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

客户端

package network.nio;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;

/**
 *
 */
public class NioClient {
    private static final String host = "127.0.0.1";
    private static final int port = 8888;
    private Selector selector;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    NioClient client = new NioClient();
                    client.connect(host, port);
                    client.listen();
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }

    public void connect(String host, int port) {
        try {
            SocketChannel sc = SocketChannel.open();
            sc.configureBlocking(false);
            this.selector = Selector.open();
            sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
            sc.connect(new InetSocketAddress(host, port));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void listen() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                int events = selector.select();
                if (events > 0) {
                    Iterator<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
                    while (selectionKeys.hasNext()) {
                        SelectionKey selectionKey = selectionKeys.next();
                        selectionKeys.remove();
                        //连接事件
                        if (selectionKey.isConnectable()) {
                            SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
                            if (socketChannel.isConnectionPending()) {
                                socketChannel.finishConnect();
                            }

                            socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
                            socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
                            socketChannel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(("Hello this is " + Thread.currentThread().getName()).getBytes()));
                        } else if (selectionKey.isReadable()) {
                            SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
                            ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                            sc.read(buffer);
                            buffer.flip();
                            System.out.println("收到服务端的数据：" + new String(buffer.array()));
                        }
                    }
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

服务端代码写的不是很好，线程池超过3会报错，但循环全部完成，原因是数据出错（key.isAcceptable()）。