Android开发中一些你需要知道的图片相关知识和网站推荐分享

 

 

-- TinyPNG

 

这个网站可以说是开发必知的一个图片网站,它的作用就是压缩图片,而且效果相当显著,可以说是“神站”级别。当然了,你不知道没关系,漂亮的或者帅帅的美工知道也行,总之你俩必须有一个人知道,在我们项目开发的后期,有一项就是要减小Apk的大小,这其中较重一项就是图片,在即将2018的现在,流量对于大家来说依然很敏感,越小的Apk体积对于用户来说升级成本就越小。效果上大多可以减小PNG图片60-90%左右,其压缩原理官网有介绍:就是把相似像素的24bit位用8bit位来表示,并且移除了不必要的元数据,是有损压缩,不理解的话自己去查一下像素组成,基于这个原理,一般图片内内容较为锐利的压缩效果就会特别好,而一些看起来模模糊糊的像素混杂的效果就会比较差,可以想象一下iPhone X的壁纸。

除了网站压缩呢,我们还可以通过转换图片格式来减小图片体积---Webp,在Android Studio中,点击图片右键,选项的最下边会有一个“convert  to  Webp... ”的选项,你可以自己选择图片的压缩质量等,需要注意的是,选择时会提示你是当然app支持的最小版本号是否低于API18,如果低于18,也就是android4.3就会跳过对于透明通道的压缩。我们知道Android的图片都是png,而png图片是ARGB像素模式,A就是alpha,透明;RGB分别是Red,Green,Blue。另外,在布局、colors文件、代码中我们设置颜色时通常有两种:一种是“#”开头,后面加颜色值,三位和六位其实是一样的,都是代表GRB,比如“fff”和“ffffff”显示的颜色时一样的,而四位和八位是一样的,都是代表ARGB,加了一个透明通道,最前边的一位或者两位就是代表透明度,布局xml文件中也有专门的设置透明度的alpha属性;还有一种是代码中用的以“oxff”开头的直接设置颜色的代码,比如“oxff00000000”,后面跟六位或者八位的色值,这个开头表示的是十六进制的意思,忽略即可,只有后面的数值起作用,最后你们需要自己检查一遍压缩的质量,如果效果实在太差就别压缩。

 

-- 阿里巴巴矢量图标库

看名字就知道了,一个图标库网站,其实这样的图标库网站挺多的,搜一下png网站就有很多,但是再看名字,阿里巴巴...所以就推荐这个网站,最起码审美能跟得上主流,对吧。做一些小demo的时候必要的图片icon素材是必不可少的。所以有需要就去搜索吧。

-- 花瓣网

上面那个只有一些图标,想要demo做的好看还得加一些真正的图片素材才行,公司UI推荐的一个图片素材网站,很文艺,很清新。你值得拥有。

-- Dribbble

这个对于美工来说就了不得了,在这个网站上做的好据说可以直接被大公司带走,有点像我们猿类的Github,是面试的一大装逼附加利器。那对于我们程序员来说有啥作用呢,除了也可以搜一些图片素材之外,对我们最动画的帮助很大。这里就得额外讲一下Android中的动画了。

考虑本文并不是专门讲解动画的篇章,什么帧动画,补间动画、属性动画之类的动画定义就不详细讲解了,写博客时间不长,以后可以慢慢补充。这里主要针对一些场景对比一下gif动画和一款神奇的动画加载库--Lottie。如果我们自定义一些个性的刷新头或者引导页、或者加载中dialog弹窗的时候是不是需要做一些动画呢,这时候可能会用到gif图,简单使用一下没问题,但是一些精致的动画就不行了,而且gif图有个很大的问题,就是毛边现象无法解决,无论是Glide等图片框架还是专门加载Gif的gif-drawable库,都不行,还可以使用APNG格式的图片,和Gif差不多,可以理解为是第一帧没有毛边的gif图片,APNG图片本身也不小,较大时会明显耗时,而且原生安卓也不支持,有兼容问题,所以也不推荐。这里推荐一个神奇的动画加载库--Lottie,它有点类似SVG动画,通过绘制路径的形式来绘制动画,但又比SVG要简单的多,因为同样是绘制路径,SVG需要我们自己却写一些自定义控件,而Lottie主要的工作是在漂亮的和帅帅的美工那里,要需要他们利用Photoshop的一个插件生成对应想要制作动画的json文件,然后你拿过来加载一下就好了,没错,是json文件,放一段代码感受一下:

 

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如果看不过来,可以使用快捷键 shift+end复制一整行去其它编辑器上看一下,这是一段刷新的动画,是不和网络请求来的json一毛一样,首先你要明白一件事,这段json格式的动画占用的资源要比图片的gif要小的多得多,具体的lottie使用,这里放个引导链接,有兴趣的可以去看一下:链接

回到主题,前面介绍了这么多lottie,Dribbble这个网站一大优势就是可以直接搜索到一些json动画,另外公司美工制作的json如果不能整正确加载,可以让他尝试将里面所有的静态文字图案都用帧动画去渲染就好了,想做练习,拿我上面的放的代码也是可以的。

-- LottieFiles 

补充这个网站

相对于上面那个图片网站,这个就是一个专业的json动画网站,还能扫二维码等操作,现在json动画的应用越来越广了,甚至前段开发人员也会用到这个动画,另外再附一个更好的介绍文章--链接

-- 标你妹

一个可以自动生成dp标注的网页,如果你们美工只切苹果版px标注的话,这个网站就很有必要推荐给ta们!

 

基本的图片网站就推荐以上那些了,下一篇准备写关于图片适配,以及适配不当内存占用等问题

 

 

 

 

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