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完整文章,请查看:http://www.codelast.com/?p=280
Protocol Buffer Basics: C++(Protocol Buffer基础:C++篇)
注:这是本人的翻译,可能不准确,可能有错误,但是基本上可以理解,希望能对大家有所帮助!(转载请注明出处:本文来自learnhard的博客:http://www.codelast.com/ & http://blog.csdn.net/learnhard/)
This tutorial provides a basic C++ programmer's introduction to working with protocol buffers. By walking through creating a simple example application, it shows you how to
· Define message formats in a .proto file.
· Use the protocol buffer compiler.
· Use the C++ protocol buffer API to write and read messages.
本教程提供了面向C++程序员的protocol buffers的基本介绍。通过创建一个简单的示例程序,它教你如何:
l 定义.proto文件的消息格式。
l 使用protocol buffer的编译器。
l 使用protoco buffer的C++ API来读写消息。
This isn't a comprehensive guide to using protocol buffers in C++. For more detailed reference information, see the Protocol Buffer Language Guide, the C++ API Reference, the C++ Generated Code Guide, and the Encoding Reference.
本文并不是关于protocol buffers的C++使用的全面教程。要查看更详细的参考资料,请阅如下文章:Protocol Buffer Language Guide,C++ API Reference,C++ Generated Code Guide,以及 Encoding Reference。
Why Use Protocol Buffers? 为什么要使用protocol buffers?
The example we're going to use is a very simple "address book" application that can read and write people's contact details to and from a file. Each person in the address book has a name, an ID, an email address, and a contact phone number.
How do you serialize and retrieve structured data like this? There are a few ways to solve this problem:
· The raw in-memory data structures can be sent/saved in binary form. Over time, this is a fragile approach, as the receiving/reading code must be compiled with exactly the same memory layout, endianness, etc. Also, as files accumulate data in the raw format and copies of software that are wired for that format are spread around, it's very hard to extend the format.
· You can invent an ad-hoc way to encode the data items into a single string – such as encoding 4 ints as "12:3:-23:67". This is a simple and flexible approach, although it does require writing one-off encoding and parsing code, and the parsing imposes a small run-time cost. This works best for encoding very simple data.
· Serialize the data to XML. This approach can be very attractive since XML is (sort of) human readable and there are binding libraries for lots of languages. This can be a good choice if you want to share data with other applications/projects. However, XML is notoriously space intensive, and encoding/decoding it can impose a huge performance penalty on applications. Also, navigating an XML DOM tree is considerably more complicated than navigating simple fields in a class normally would be.
Protocol buffers are the flexible, efficient, automated solution to solve exactly this problem. With protocol buffers, you write a .proto description of the data structure you wish to store. From that, the protocol buffer compiler creates a class that implements automatic encoding and parsing of the protocol buffer data with an efficient binary format. The generated class provides getters and setters for the fields that make up a protocol buffer and takes care of the details of reading and writing the protocol buffer as a unit. Importantly, the protocol buffer format supports the idea of extending the format over time in such a way that the code can still read data encoded with the old format.
(这一段不翻译了,没意思)
Where to Find the Example Code 在哪可以找到示例代码
The example code is included in the source code package, under the "examples" directory. Download it here.
示例代码包含在源代码包中的“examples”目录下。点击此处下载。
Defining Your Protocol Format 定义你自己的协议格式
To create your address book application, you'll need to start with a .proto file. The definitions in a .proto file are simple: you add a message for each data structure you want to serialize, then specify a name and a type for each field in the message. Here is the .proto file that defines your messages, addressbook.proto.
要创建你的地址薄应用程序,你需要从编写一个.proto文件开始。.proto文件的定义是比较简单的:为每一个你需要序列化的数据结构添加一个消息(message),然后为消息(message)中的每一个字段(field)指定一个名字和一个类型。下面就是一个定义你的多个消息(messages)的文件addressbook.proto:
package tutorial;
message Person {
required string name = 1;
required int32 id = 2;
optional string email = 3;
enum PhoneType {
MOBILE = 0;
HOME = 1;
WORK = 2;
}
message PhoneNumber {
required string number = 1;
optional PhoneType type = 2 [default = HOME];
}
repeated PhoneNumber phone = 4;
}
message AddressBook {
repeated Person person = 1;
}
As you can see, the syntax is similar to C++ or Java. Let's go through each part of the file and see what it does.
正如你所看到的一样,该语法类似于C++或Java的语法。让我们依次来看看文件的每一部分的作用。
The .proto file starts with a package declaration, which helps to prevent naming conflicts between different projects. In C++, your generated classes will be placed in a namespace matching the package name.