ArcEngine 中IFeatureLayer、IFeatureClass跨线程访问错误

结论： IFeatureLayer不可跨线程访问，触发错误：访问受保护或已损坏的内存；

            IFeatureClass可开跨线程访问，但是出现了细节上的错误，并没有引发显示错误。

        在处理基于ArcEngine二次开发的网络TCP通信时，当涉及异步处理，Object对象的创建和调用不在同一线程时引发的种种问题。

          创建Object的函数，该函数处理通信中接收到的PDU（Protocol Data Unit），目标将其转换为AcrEngine中的IFeatureLayer对象后，传递给Main Form，然后Add到窗体的acrMapControl中。

        /// <summary>
        /// When received pdu from client
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="socket"></param>
        /// <param name="pdu"></param>
        private void OnPDUReceived(Socket socket, PDU pdu)
        {
            Console.Write("\nReceived data from Server!\n");
            if (pdu._Type == InformationType.DataSend)
            {
                IFeatureLayer featureLayer = Protocol.Feature.ToMapLayer(pdu._Features);
                
                // Induce Event in Form 
                OnPDUReceivedEvent(featureLayer);
            }
            else
                throw new Exception("Unexpected information type send form server!");
             
         }

        该Handle接收信息的函数在异步接收函数中被调用，故该函数也在异步线程中执行，调用其的函数如下，该函数在异步线程中循环接收通信Socket发来的信息，并在接收到完整的一次信息后调用OnPDUReceived函数：

 /// <summary>
        /// Async Receive data from server
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="socket"></param>
        public void Receive()
        {
            Task.Run(() =>
            {
                try
                { 
                    while (true)
                    {
                        // 1) Receive the head part, the bytes count of the body part
                       byte[] head = new byte[4];
                        if(_Socket.Connected)
                            _Socket.Receive(head, 0, 4, SocketFlags.None); // Synchronouly
                       
                        int size = BitConverter.ToInt32(head, 0);
                        
                        // 2) Receive the body part of the stream and deserialize it to PDU
                        byte[] body = new byte[size];
                        _Socket.Receive(body, 0, size, SocketFlags.None);
                        PDU pdu = PDU.Deserialize(body);

                        // 3) Handle received pdu
                        OnPDUReceived(_Socket, pdu);

                    }
                }
                catch (SocketException ex)
                {
                    // Handle socket exception, e.g., connection closed
                    throw new Exception(ex.Message);

                }
            });
        }

        OnPDUReceived（）引发Main Form中Event: OnPDUReceivedEvent()

      void _TcpClient_OnPDUReceivedEvent(IFeatureLayer featureLayer)
        {     
            axMapControl1.Invoke((MethodInvoker)delegate
            {
                
                Console.WriteLine("Add Point Layer");
                axMapControl1.AddLayer(featureLayer);
                axMapControl1.Refresh();  
               
            });
        }

        显然，该事件通过Control.Invoke()强制在UI线程中运行，故重新回到第一个OnPDUReceived()函数中，主窗体中的两条语句在两个不同线程中运行，第一条语句负责创建IFeatureLayer，第二条语句则调用IFeatureLayer对象用于更新MapControl，当按上述代码运行时，会引发如下错误：

        IFeatureLayer对象不允许跨线程访问，其实Shp文件当被打开时会生成lock文件，该lock临时文件锁定了对象

        既然IFeatureLayer对象不允许跨线程访问，尝试对IFeatureClass对象进行跨线程访问，也就是在OnPDUReceivedEvent中传递IFeatureClass对象，IFeatureClass对象为IFeatureLayer的唯一实质性成员，故可以在Event中转为Layer实现

 /// <summary>
        /// Event: When Received data: Update the Map Layer
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="featureClass"></param>
        void _TcpClient_OnPDUReceivedEvent(IFeatureClass featureClass)
        {
            
            axMapControl1.Invoke((MethodInvoker)delegate
            {
                // Create Layer form class
                IFeatureLayer featureLayer = new FeatureLayerClass();
                featureLayer.FeatureClass = featureClass;
                featureLayer.Name = "Null";

                Console.WriteLine("Add Point Layer");
                axMapControl1.AddLayer(featureLayer);
                axMapControl1.Refresh();
                
               
            });
        }

        对转换类函数Feature.ToMapLayer也做对应更改，运行发现没有中断程序，但是出现了不能投影的问题，无论如何设置ISpatialReference，无论是对class，layer还是Control.map对象设置都无济于事，显示中始终按照原本的坐标系显示，或者说，按照赋予每条要素的X,Y坐标显示；后续发现，倘若在Event中不引用任何参数，直接打开保存到指定目录的shp文件，则可成功显示，实际也未设置该layer的投影，但程序运行显示时则已经进行了投影（mapControl还有一个mapServerLayer，该featureLayer自动按照其投影坐标系进行投影）。至于该问题的原因，推测可能是因为类跨线程访问权限不足导致的。

解决方案：将类的创建也强制execute于UI线程下：

  /// <summary>
        /// When received pdu from client
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="socket"></param>
        /// <param name="pdu"></param>
        private void OnPDUReceived(Socket socket, PDU pdu)
        {
            Console.Write("\nReceived data from Server!\n");
            if (pdu._Type == InformationType.DataSend)
            {
                // Force Execute in UI thread
                if (Application.OpenForms.Count > 0)
                {
                    Form mainForm = Application.OpenForms[0];
                    if (mainForm != null && !mainForm.IsDisposed)
                    {
                        mainForm.Invoke((MethodInvoker)delegate
                        {
                            // Serious Note:: this must be execute whthin same thread, another unexpected and unexplained error would occur!;

                            IFeatureLayer featureLayer = Protocol.Feature.ToMapLayer(pdu._Features);
                             // Induce Event in Form
                            OnPDUReceivedEvent(featureLayer);
                        });
                    }
                }
            }
            else
                throw new Exception("Unexpected information type send form server!");
             
         }