本次综合练习所涉及的知识点
一、创建和使用表
在scott用户中，完成如下各题操作：注意一定要建立worker、depart和salary 3个表之间的关系（主外键的设置）。
1.1 创建表
create table worker(
wk_id int primary key,
wk_name varchar2(20),
wk_gender char(2),
wk_birth Date,
wk_isdang char(2),
wk_hiredate Date,
wk_deptno int
);
create table depart(
dp_id int primary key,
dp_name varchar2(20)
);
create table salary(
sal_id int,
sal_name varchar2(20),
sal_date Date,
primary key(sal_id,sal_date),
sal_sal number(6,1)
);
2、增加外键约束
alter table worker add constraint fk_wk_dp foreign key(wk_deptno) references depart(dp_id);
alter table salary add constraint fk_sal_wk foreign key(sal_id) references worker(wk_id);
3、插入数据
depart表
insert into depart values(1,'财务处');
insert into depart values(2,'人事处');
insert into depart values(3,'市场部');
批量导入数据的话，会因为系统自动补齐的日期格式问题造成日期不对，计算年龄出现问题，所以手动补齐了年份19XX或20XX
worker表
insert into worker values(1,'孙华','男',date'1952-1-3','否',date'1970-10-10',2);
insert into worker values(3,'陈明','男',date'1945-5-8','否',date'1965-1-1',2);
insert into worker values(7,'程西','女',date'1980-6-10','否',date'2002-7-10',1);
insert into worker values(2,'孙天奇','女',date'1965-3-10','是',date'1987-7-10',2);
insert into worker values(9,'刘夫文','男',date'1942-1-11','否',date'1960-8-10',2);
insert into worker values(11,'刘星','男',date'1952-10-8','否',date'1970-1-10',1);
insert into worker values(5,'余惠','男',date'1980-12-4','否',date'2002-7-10',3);
insert into worker values(8,'张旗','男',date'1980-11-10','否',date'2002-7-10',2);
insert into worker values(13,'王小燕','女',date'1964-2-10','否',date'1989-7-15',1);
insert into worker values(4,'李华','男',date'1956-8-7','否',date'1983-7-20',3);
insert into worker values(10,'陈涛','男',date'1965-4-19','是',date'1984-7-12',2);
insert into worker values(14,'李艺','女',date'1963-2-10','否',date'1990-7-20',3);
insert into worker values(12,'孙涵','男',date'1965-4-19','是',date'1989-7-10',3);
insert into worker values(15,'魏君','女',date'1970-1-10','否',date'1993-7-10',3);
insert into worker values(6,'欧阳少兵','男',date'1971-12-9','是',date'1992-7-20',3);
salary表
insert into salary values(1,'孙华',to_date('01/04/04','MM/dd/yy'),1201.5);
insert into salary values(3,'陈明',to_date('01/04/04','MM/dd/yy'),1350.6);
insert into salary values(7,'程西',to_date('01/04/04','MM/dd/yy'),750.8);
insert into salary values(2,'孙天奇',to_date('01/04/04','MM/dd/yy'),900.0);
insert into salary values(9,'刘夫文',to_date('01/04/04','MM/dd/yy'),2006.8);
insert into salary values(11,'刘欣',to_date('01/04/04','MM/dd/yy'),1250.0);
insert into salary values(5,'余慧',to_date('01/04/04','MM/dd/yy'),725.0);
insert into salary values(8,'张旗',to_date('01/04/04','MM/dd/yy'),728.0);
insert into salary values(13,'王小燕',to_date('01/04/04','MM/dd/yy'),1200.0);
insert into salary values(4,'李华',to_date('01/04/04','MM/dd/yy'),1500.5);
insert into salary values(10,'陈涛',to_date('01/04/04','MM/dd/yy'),1245.8);
insert into salary values(14,'李艺',to_date('01/04/04','MM/dd/yy'),1000.6);
insert into salary values(12,'孙涵',to_date('01/04/04','MM/dd/yy'),1345.0);
insert into salary values(15,'魏君',to_date('01/04/04','MM/dd/yy'),1100.0);
insert into salary values(6,'欧阳少兵',to_date('01/04/04','MM/dd/yy'),1085.0);
insert into salary values(1,'孙华',to_date('02/03/04','MM/dd/yy'),1206.5);
insert into salary values(3,'陈明',to_date('02/03/04','MM/dd/yy'),1355.6);
insert into salary values(7,'程西',to_date('02/03/04','MM/dd/yy'),755.8);
insert into salary values(2,'孙天奇',to_date('02/03/04','MM/dd/yy'),905.0);
insert into salary values(9,'刘夫文',to_date('02/03/04','MM/dd/yy'),2011.8);
insert into salary values(11,'刘欣',to_date('02/03/04','MM/dd/yy'),1255.0);
insert into salary values(5,'余慧',to_date('02/03/04','MM/dd/yy'),730.0);
insert into salary values(8,'张旗',to_date('02/03/04','MM/dd/yy'),733.0);
insert into salary values(13,'王小燕',to_date('02/03/04','MM/dd/yy'),1205.0);
insert into salary values(4,'李华',to_date('02/03/04','MM/dd/yy'),1505.5);
insert into salary values(10,'陈涛',to_date('02/03/04','MM/dd/yy'),1250.8);
insert into salary values(14,'李艺',to_date('02/03/04','MM/dd/yy'),1005.6);
insert into salary values(12,'孙涵',to_date('02/03/04','MM/dd/yy'),1350.0);
insert into salary values(15,'魏君',to_date('02/03/04','MM/dd/yy'),1105.0);
insert into salary values(6,'欧阳少兵',to_date('02/03/04','MM/dd/yy'),1085.0);
二、SQL
在完成建表的基础上，完成如下各题：
（1）显示所有职工的年龄。
select wk_name,floor((sysdate-wk_birth)/365) as 年龄 from worker;
（2）求出各部门党员的人数。
select wk_deptno,count(*) 党员人数
from (select * from worker where wk_isdang='是')
group by wk_deptno;
（3）显示所有职工的姓名和2004年1月份工资数。
select worker.wk_name, salary.sal_sal
from worker, salary
where to_char(sal_date, 'yyyy') = 2004
and to_char(sal_date, 'mm') = 1
and worker.wk_id = salary.sal_id;
（4）显示所有职工的职工号、姓名和平均工资。
select worker.wk_id 职工号, worker.wk_name 姓名, t.avgsal 平均工资
from worker,
(select sal_id, avg(sal_sal) avgsal from salary group by sal_id) t
where worker.wk_id = t.sal_id;
（5）显示所有职工的职工号、姓名、部门名和2004年2月份工资，并按部门名顺序排列。
select w.wk_id 职工号, w.wk_name 姓名, t.sal_sal 工资, d.dp_name 部门名
from worker w,
depart d,
(select * from salary where sal_date like '%2月 -04') t
where w.wk_id = t.sal_id
and w.wk_deptno = d.dp_id
order by d.dp_name;
（6）显示各部门名和该部门的所有职工的平均工资。
select d.dp_name, avg(s.sal_sal) avgsal
from worker w, depart d, salary s
where w.wk_deptno = d.dp_id
and s.sal_id = w.wk_id
group by d.dp_name;
（7）显示所有平均工资高于1200的部门名和对应的平均工资。
select *
from (select d.dp_name 部门名, t3.avgsal 平均工资
from depart d,
(select t2.wk_deptno, avg(t2.sal_sal) avgsal
from (select t.*, w.wk_deptno
from worker w, (select * from salary) t
where w.wk_id = t.sal_id) t2
group by t2.wk_deptno) t3
where d.dp_id = t3.wk_deptno) t4
where 平均工资 > 1200;
（8）显示所有职工的职工号、姓名和部门类型，其中财务处和人事处属管理部门、市场部属市场部门。
select t.*,
case
when t.dp_name in ('财务处', '人事处') then
'管理部门'
when t.dp_name = '市场部' then
'市场部门'
end
from (select w.wk_id, w.wk_name, d.dp_name
from worker w, depart d
where w.wk_deptno = d.dp_id) t;
（9）若存在职工号为10的职工，则显示其工作部门名称，否则显示相应提示信息。
select case
when rownum = 1 then
(select dp_name
from depart
where dp_id = (select wk_deptno from worker where wk_id = 10))
else
'不存在10号员工'
end 部门名称
from (select rownum, worker.* from worker where wk_id = 10);
（10）求出男女职工的平均工资，若男职工平均工资高出女职工平均工资50%，则显示“男职工比女职工的工资高多了”的信息；若男职工平均工资与女职工平均工资比率在1.5~0.8之间，则显示“男职工比女职工的工资差不多”的信息；否则，显示“”女职工比男职工的工资差不多“的信息
select case
when m.avgsal > f.avgsal * 1.5 then
'男职工比女职工的工资高多了'
when m.avgsal between f.avgsal * 0.8 and f.avgsal * 1.5 then
'男职工比女职工的工资差不多'
else
'女职工比男职工的工资差不多'
end
from (select t2.avgsal
from (select t.wk_gender, avg(t.sal_sal) avgsal
from (select s.*, w.wk_gender
from salary s, worker w
where s.sal_id = w.wk_id) t
group by t.wk_gender) t2
where t2.wk_gender = '男') m,
(select t2.avgsal
from (select t.wk_gender, avg(t.sal_sal) avgsal
from (select s.*, w.wk_gender
from salary s, worker w
where s.sal_id = w.wk_id) t
group by t.wk_gender) t2
where t2.wk_gender = '女') f;
三、SQL高级应用
（1）删除factory数据库上各个表之间建立的关系。
alter table worker drop constraint fk_wk_dp;
alter table salary drop constraint fk_sal_wk;
（2）显示各职工的工资记录的相应的工资小计。
select worker.wk_id 职工号, worker.wk_name 姓名, t.sumsal 总工资
from worker,
(select sal_id, sum(sal_sal) sumsal from salary group by sal_id) t
where worker.wk_id = t.sal_id;
（3）按性别和部门名的所有组合方式列出相应的平均工资。
select w.wk_gender, d.dp_name, avg(s.sal_sal)
from worker w, depart d, salary s
where w.wk_id = s.sal_id
and w.wk_deptno = d.dp_id
group by wk_gender, d.dp_name;
（4）在worker表中使用以下语句插入一个职工记录：
insert into worker values(20,‘陈立’,‘女’,date’1955-03-08’,1,date’1975-10-10’,4);
在depart表中使用以下语句插入一个部门记录：
insert into depart values(5,‘设备处’);
再对worker和depart表进行完整外部联接显示职工的职工号、姓名和部门名，然后删除这两个插入的记录。
select w.wk_id,w.wk_name,d.dp_name
from worker w,depart d
where w.wk_deptno=d.dp_id(+);
select w.wk_id,w.wk_name,d.dp_name
from worker w,depart d
where d.dp_id=w.wk_deptno(+);
delete from worker where wk_id = 20;
delete from depart where dp_id = 5;
（5）显示最高工资的职工的职工号、姓名、部门名、工资发放日期和工资。
select t2.*, d.dp_name
from depart d,
(select t.*, w.wk_deptno
from worker w,
(select s.*
from salary s
where s.sal_sal = (select max(sal_sal) from salary)) t
where t.sal_id = w.wk_id) t2
where t2.wk_deptno = d.dp_id;
（6）显示最高工资的职工所在的部门名。
select d.dp_name
from depart d,
(select t.*, w.wk_deptno
from worker w,
(select s.*
from salary s
where s.sal_sal = (select max(sal_sal) from salary)) t
where t.sal_id = w.wk_id) t2
where t2.wk_deptno = d.dp_id;
（7）显示所有平均工资低于全部职工平均工资的职工的职工号和姓名。
select *
from (select worker.wk_id 职工号,
worker.wk_name 姓名,
t.avgsal 个人平均工资
from worker,
(select sal_id, avg(sal_sal) avgsal
from salary
group by sal_id) t
where worker.wk_id = t.sal_id) a,
(select avg(sal_sal) 全部职工平均工资 from salary) b
where a.个人平均工资 < b.全部职工平均工资;
（8）采用游标方式实现（6）的功能。
set serveroutput on
declare
cursor cur1 is select s.* from salary s where s.sal_sal =(select max(sal_sal) from salary);
rec_sal cur1%rowtype;
v_deptno salary.sal_sal%type;
v_name varchar2(20);
begin
open cur1;
fetch cur1 into rec_sal;
select wk_deptno into v_deptno from worker where wk_id=rec_sal.sal_id;
select dp_name into v_name from depart where dp_id=v_deptno;
dbms_output.put_line(v_name);
close cur1;
end;
（9）采用游标方式实现（7）的功能。显示所有平均工资低于全部职工平均工资的职工的职工号和姓名
declare
cursor cur2 is
select worker.wk_id 职工号, worker.wk_name 姓名, t.avgsal 平均工资
from worker,
(select sal_id, avg(sal_sal) avgsal from salary group by sal_id) t
where worker.wk_id = t.sal_id;
rec_sal cur2%rowtype;
v_allavg salary.sal_sal%type;
begin
select avg(sal_sal) into v_allavg from salary;
open cur2;
fetch cur2
into rec_sal;
while cur2%found loop
if rec_sal.平均工资 < v_allavg then
dbms_output.put_line(rec_sal.职工号 || ' ' || rec_sal.姓名);
end if;
fetch cur2
into rec_sal;
end loop;
close cur2;
end;
（10）先显示worker表中的职工人数，开始一个事务。插入一个职工记录，再显示worker表中的职工人数，回滚该事务，最后显示worker表中的职工人数。
oracle使用隐式事务，不需要定义事务开始，第一个sql语句自动开始一个事务，直到commit/rollback/ddl命令该事务结束。之后的第一个sql语句又自动开始一个事务
insert into worker values(20,'陈立','女',date'1955-03-08',1,date'1975-10-10',4);
select count(*) from worker;
rollback;
select count(*) from worker;
四、索引
（1）在worker表中的“部门号“列上创建一个普通索引，若该索引已存在，则删除后重建。
create index idx_wk_deptno on worker(wk_deptno);
（2）在salary表的“职工号”和“日期”列创建唯一索引。
create unique index idx_sal_sid_date on salary(sal_id,sal_date);
五、视图
（1）建立视图view1，查询所有职工的职工号、姓名、部门名和2004年2月份工资，并按部门名顺序排列。
conn sys/Oracle11 as sysdba
grant create view to scott;
conn scott/tiger
create or replace view view1 as
select w.wk_id 职工号, w.wk_name 姓名, t.sal_sal 工资, d.dp_name 部门名
from worker w,
depart d,
(select * from salary where sal_date like '%2月 -04') t
where w.wk_id = t.sal_id
and w.wk_deptno = d.dp_id
order by d.dp_name;
（2）建立视图view2，查询所有职工的职工号、姓名和平均工资。
create or replace view view2 as
select worker.wk_id 职工号, worker.wk_name 姓名, t.avgsal 平均工资
from worker,
(select sal_id, avg(sal_sal) avgsal from salary group by sal_id) t
where worker.wk_id = t.sal_id;
（3）建立视图view3，查询各部门名和该部门的所有职工的平均工资。
create or replace view view3 as
select d.dp_name 部门名, t3.avgsal 平均工资
from depart d,
(select t2.wk_deptno, avg(t2.sal_sal) avgsal
from (select t.*, w.wk_deptno
from worker w, (select * from salary) t
where w.wk_id = t.sal_id) t2
group by t2.wk_deptno) t3
where d.dp_id = t3.wk_deptno;
（4）显示视图view3的定义。 （提示用user_views数据字典）
select * from user_views where view_name = 'VIEW3';
六、数据库完整性
（1）实施worker表的“性别”字段默认值为“男”的约束。
alter table worker modify wk_gender default '男';
（2）实施salary表的“工资”字段值限定有0~9999的约束。
alter table salary modify sal_sal check(sal_sal>0 and sal_sal <9999);
（3）为worker表建立外键“部门号”，参考表depart的“部门号”列。
alter table worker add constraint fk_wk_dp
foreign key(wk_deptno) references depart(dp_id);
（4）删除前3小题所建立的约束。
select constraint_name,table_name,constraint_type from user_constraints;
alter table worker modify wk_gender default null;
alter table salary drop constraint SYS_C0011104;
alter table worker drop constraint FK_WK_DP;
七、用PL/SQL程序完成第2大题的（8），（9），（10）三题（游标）。
（8）显示所有职工的职工号、姓名和部门类型，其中财务处和人事处属管理部门、市场部属市场部门。
declare
cursor cur1 is
select w.wk_id, w.wk_name, d.dp_name
from worker w, depart d
where w.wk_deptno = d.dp_id;
rec_cur1 cur1%rowtype;
begin
open cur1;
fetch cur1
into rec_cur1;
while cur1%found loop
if rec_cur1.dp_name = '财务处' or rec_cur1.dp_name = '人事处' then
dbms_output.put_line(rec_cur1.wk_id || ' ' || rec_cur1.wk_name ||
' ' || '管理部门');
else
dbms_output.put_line(rec_cur1.wk_id || ' ' || rec_cur1.wk_name ||
' ' || '市场部门');
end if;
fetch cur1
into rec_cur1;
end loop;
close cur1;
end;
（9）若存在职工号为10的职工，则显示其工作部门名称，否则显示相应提示信息。
declare
cursor cur2 is
select * from worker where wk_id = 10;
rec_cur2 cur2%rowtype;
v_dname depart.dp_name%type;
begin
open cur2;
fetch cur2
into rec_cur2;
if cur2%rowcount = 1 then
select dp_name
into v_dname
from depart
where dp_id = rec_cur2.wk_deptno;
dbms_output.put_line(v_dname);
else
dbms_output.put_line('没有10号员工');
end if;
close cur2;
end;
(10)求出男女职工的平均工资，若男职工平均工资高出女职工平均工资50%，则显示“男职工比女职工的工资高多了”的信息；若男职工平均工资与女职工平均工资比率在1.5~0.8之间，则显示“男职工比女职工的工资差不多”的信息；否则，显示“”女职工比男职工的工资差不多“的信息
declare
cursor cur3 is
select t.wk_gender, avg(t.sal_sal) avgsal
from (select s.*, w.wk_gender
from salary s, worker w
where s.sal_id = w.wk_id) t
group by t.wk_gender;
rec_cur3 cur3%rowtype;
v_m salary.sal_sal%type;
v_f salary.sal_sal%type;
begin
open cur3;
fetch cur3
into rec_cur3;
while cur3%found loop
if rec_cur3.wk_gender = '男' then
v_m := rec_cur3.avgsal;
else
v_f := rec_cur3.avgsal;
end if;
fetch cur3
into rec_cur3;
end loop;
if v_m > v_f * 1.5 then
dbms_output.put_line('男职工比女职工的工资高多了');
elsif v_m between v_f * 0.8 and v_f * 1.5 then
dbms_output.put_line('男职工比女职工的工资差不多');
else
dbms_output.put_line('男职工比女职工的工资差多了');
end if;
close cur3;
end;
八、存储过程
（1）创建一个为worker表添加职工记录的存储过程Addworker。
create or replace procedure Addworker(
v_wk_id in worker.wk_id%type,
v_wk_name in worker.wk_name%type,
v_wk_gender in worker.wk_gender%type,
v_wk_birth in worker.wk_birth%type,
v_wk_isdang in worker.wk_isdang%type,
v_wk_hiredate in worker.wk_hiredate%type,
v_wk_deptno in worker.wk_deptno%type
)
as
begin
insert into worker values(v_wk_id,v_wk_name,v_wk_gender,v_wk_birth,v_wk_isdang,v_wk_hiredate,v_wk_deptno);
dbms_output.put_line('插入成功');
end;
/
execute Addworker(20,'Liang','男','3-11月-95','是','3-9月-99',1);
execute addworker(21,'Lin','男',date'1997-11-12','是','3-9月-29',1);
（2）创建一个存储过程Delworker删除worker表中指定职工号的记录。
create or replace procedure Delworker(v_wk_id in worker.wk_id%type)
as
begin
delete from worker where wk_id=v_wk_id;
dbms_output.put_line('删除成功');
end;
/
execute delworker(21);
（3）显示存储过程Delworker。
select text from user_source
where name='DELWORKER' order by line;
（4）删除存储过程Addworker和Delworker。
drop procedure addworker;
drop procedure delworker;
九、触发器
（1）在表depart上创建一个触发器depart_update，当更改部门号时同步更改表worker中对应的部门号。
create or replace trigger depart_update
after
update
on depart
for each row
begin
update worker set wk_deptno=:new.dp_id where wk_deptno=:old.dp_id;
dbms_output.put_line('同步修改完成');
end;
/
update depart set dp_id = 5 where dp_name='财务处';
（2）在表worker上创建一个触发器worker_delete，当删除职工记录时同步删除salary表中对应的职工的工资记录。
create or replace trigger worker_delete
after
delete
on worker
for each row
begin
delete from salary where sal_id=:old.wk_id;
dbms_output.put_line('级联删除成功');
end;
/
delete from worker where wk_id=1;
select * from salary where sal_id=1;
（3）删除触发器depart_update。
drop trigger depart_update;
（4）删除触发器worker_delete。
drop trigger worker_delete;
本人作此练习时水平有限，许多sql有待优化。请见谅。
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