Oracle维护常用SQL语句

1、查看表空间的名称及大小
select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size 
from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d 
where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name 
group by t.tablespace_name; 

2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小
select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name, 
round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space 
from dba_data_files 
order by tablespace_name; 

3、查看回滚段名称及大小
select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status, 
(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent, 
max_extents, v.curext CurExtent 
From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v 
Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+) 
order by segment_name ; 

4、查看控制文件
select name from v$controlfile; 

5、查看日志文件
select member from v$logfile; 

6、查看表空间的使用情况
select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name 
from dba_free_space 
group by tablespace_name; 

SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,
(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE" 
FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C 
WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;

7、查看数据库库对象
select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;

8、查看数据库的版本　
Select version FROM Product_component_version 
Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle'; 

9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式
Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database; 

10、捕捉运行很久的SQL
column username format a12 
column opname format a16 
column progress format a8 

select username,sid,opname,
round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress, 
time_remaining,sql_text 
from v$session_longops , v$sql 
where time_remaining <> 0 
and sql_address = address 
and sql_hash_value = hash_value 
/ 

11、查看数据表的参数信息
SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name, 
pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent, 
next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS, 
freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks, 
empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size, 
last_analyzed 
FROM dba_tab_partitions 
--WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner 
ORDER BY partition_position 

12、查看还没提交的事务
select * from v$locked_object; 
select * from v$transaction; 

13、查找object为哪些进程所用
select 
p.spid, 
s.sid, 
s.serial# serial_num, 
s.username user_name, 
a.type object_type, 
s.osuser os_user_name, 
a.owner, 
a.object object_name, 
decode(sign(48 - command), 
1, 
to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, 
p.program oracle_process, 
s.terminal terminal, 
s.program program, 
s.status session_status 
from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p 
where s.paddr = p.addr and 
s.type = 'USER' and 
a.sid = s.sid and 
a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR' 
order by s.username, s.osuser 

14、回滚段查看
select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents 
Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs, 
v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes, 
sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs, 
v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and 
v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum 

15、耗资源的进程（top session）
select s.schemaname schema_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, 
to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, status 
session_status, s.osuser os_user_name, s.sid, p.spid , s.serial# serial_num, 
nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name, s.terminal terminal, 
s.program program, st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st, v$session s , v$process p
where st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number('38') and ('ALL' = 'ALL' 
or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc

16、查看锁（lock）情况
select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name, ls.username user_name, 
decode(ls.type, 'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock', 'TX', 
'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') lock_type, 
o.object_name object, decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, 'Row Share', 3, 
'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', null) 
lock_mode, o.owner, ls.sid, ls.serial# serial_num, ls.id1, ls.id2 
from sys.dba_objects o, ( select s.osuser, s.username, l.type, 
l.lmode, s.sid, s.serial#, l.id1, l.id2 from v$session s, 
v$lock l where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o.object_id = ls.id1 and o.owner 
<> 'SYS' order by o.owner, o.object_name 

17、查看等待（wait）情况
SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value 
FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets', 
'consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count 

18、查看sga情况
SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC 

19、查看catched object
SELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace, 
type, sharable_mem, loads, executions, 
locks, pins, kept FROM v$db_object_cache 

20、查看V$SQLAREA
SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS, 
VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS, 
USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS, 
BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA 

21、查看object分类数量
select decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 
'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) object_type , count(*) quantity from 
sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 
, 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) union select
'COLUMN' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select 'DB LINK' , count(*) from 

22、按用户查看object种类
select u.name schema, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes, 
sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables, sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL)) 
clusters, sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views, sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1, 
NULL)) synonyms, sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences, 
sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1)) 
others from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u where o.type# >= 1 and u.user# = 
o.owner# and u.name <> 'PUBLIC' group by u.name order by 
sys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT' , count(*) from sys.con$ 

23、有关connection的相关信息
1）查看有哪些用户连接
select s.osuser os_user_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command), 
'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process, 
status session_status, s.terminal terminal, s.program program, 
s.username user_name, s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter, '' query, 
0 memory, 0 max_memory, 0 cpu_usage, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num 
from v$session s, v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and s.type = 'USER' 
order by s.username, s.osuser 
2）根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况
select n.name, 
v.value, 
n.class, 
n.statistic# 
from v$statname n, 
v$sesstat v 
where v.sid = 71 and 
v.statistic# = n.statistic# 
order by n.class, n.statistic# 
3）根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql
select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */ 
command_type, 
sql_text, 
sharable_mem, 
persistent_mem, 
runtime_mem, 
sorts, 
version_count, 
loaded_versions, 
open_versions, 
users_opening, 
executions, 
users_executing, 
loads, 
first_load_time, 
invalidations, 
parse_calls, 
disk_reads, 
buffer_gets, 
rows_processed, 
sysdate start_time, 
sysdate finish_time, 
'>' || address sql_address, 
'N' status 
from v$sqlarea 
where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71) 

24、查询表空间使用情况select a.tablespace_name "表空间名称",
100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "占用率(%)",
round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)",
round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空闲(M)",
round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)",
Largest "最大扩展段(M)",
to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "采样时间"
from (select f.tablespace_name, 
sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc, 
sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes)) maxbytes 
from dba_data_files f 
group by tablespace_name) a, 
(select f.tablespace_name, 
sum(f.bytes) bytes_free 
from dba_free_space f 
group by tablespace_name) b, 
(select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest, 
ts.name tablespace_name 
from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts 
where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts# 
group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c 
where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name

25、查询表空间的碎片程度
select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name
having count(tablespace_name)>10; 

alter tablespace name coalesce;
alter table name deallocate unused; 

create or replace view ts_blocks_v as
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space
union all 
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents; 

select * from ts_blocks_v;

select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;