锐角三角函数 | 任意角三角函数 | |
---|---|---|
图形 |
|
|
正弦(sin) |
![]() |
![]() |
余弦(cos) |
![]() |
![]() |
正切(tan或tg) |
![]() |
![]() |
余切(cot或ctg) |
![]() |
![]() |
正割(sec) |
![]() |
![]() |
余割(csc) |
![]() |
![]() |
.
倒数关系:①
;②
;③
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D99/sign=a2f1d24f2d2eb938e86d76fbd46227ef/80cb39dbb6fd52662600edbaa918972bd4073671.jpg)
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D97/sign=8b9f8b760fd162d981ee6e1b10df854c/00e93901213fb80ef27ba46533d12f2eb83894de.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D99/sign=044195ba09d79123e4e0987dac34c078/3ac79f3df8dcd10074603d93778b4710b8122f80.jpg)
商数关系:①
;②
.
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D94/sign=8dc59713ab773912c0268965f919a214/e850352ac65c103828851f6cb0119313b17e89a1.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D92/sign=d0163316d63f8794d7ff442cd31b7aa2/f3d3572c11dfa9ecc84086b960d0f703918fc136.jpg)
平方关系:①
;②
;③
.
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D127/sign=78d53597b1de9c82a265fd8d5b8080d2/9345d688d43f87944e4f9980d01b0ef41ad53ae8.jpg)
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D129/sign=8246348d71f082022992953d72fafb8a/8601a18b87d6277fb122e2962a381f30e924fc68.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D127/sign=59cbcca61d30e924cba498337b096e66/d6ca7bcb0a46f21fe0ca8ffdf4246b600d33aea6.jpg)
公式一:设
为任意角,终边相同的角的同一三角函数的值相等:
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D10/sign=c18078950c24ab18e416e53734fa4b14/91529822720e0cf3442cd3480f46f21fbf09aaae.jpg)
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D189/sign=3886eb65fd03738dda4a082a8a1ab073/8b13632762d0f7031008011903fa513d2797c5b9.jpg)
公式二:设
为任意角,
与
的三角函数值之间的关系:
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D10/sign=dde67ea96559252da7171904359bf9d3/32fa828ba61ea8d3f900e8b7920a304e251f5866.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D37/sign=ef462cb6e0dde711e3d245f1a6ef21df/9f510fb30f2442a7e3176116d443ad4bd1130263.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D10/sign=7b0ea554942397ddd2799c045882dfe4/c9fcc3cec3fdfc038c737f0bd13f8794a4c2267d.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D138/sign=99e9d8a3fadcd100c99cfc224a8a47be/43a7d933c895d1430f65968d71f082025aaf0708.jpg)
公式三:任意角
与
的三角函数值之间的关系:
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D20/sign=4f44080882d6277fed1235382938b4f4/caef76094b36acafe6980a4f79d98d1001e99c0d.jpg)
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D10/sign=b4511d0c895494ee83220b192cf53643/4afbfbedab64034f3f7f5eb5aac379310b551dd6.jpg)
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D122/sign=535e482d0d2442a7aa0ef9a7e342ad95/8601a18b87d6277f532040962a381f30e924fc6a.jpg)
公式四:
与
的三角函数值之间的关系:
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D37/sign=cb193d6df51f3a295ec8d3c998253486/4afbfbedab64034f3fbd5eb5aac379310a551d14.jpg)
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D10/sign=30929082243fb80e08d165d737d12caf/5366d0160924ab18a6507d8430fae6cd7b890b3a.jpg)
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D139/sign=52b34b6dd5ca7bcb797bc32c87086b3f/b17eca8065380cd7b19ed043a344ad345882819f.jpg)
公式五:
与
的三角函数值之间的关系:
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D45/sign=17c160be75cf3bc7ec00cce9d0006a7d/e824b899a9014c081eceb4160f7b02087af4f488.jpg)
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D10/sign=f24a589cbb096b6385195a500c33e43d/9358d109b3de9c822954663c6981800a19d84354.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D148/sign=b95950304d36acaf5de092f844d88d03/5d6034a85edf8db1b9a56f6d0f23dd54564e742b.jpg)
公式六:
及
与
的三角函数值之间的关系:
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D39/sign=a818a3749552982201333fcad6caecf5/bd315c6034a85edf638a61904c540923dd54757b.jpg)
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D48/sign=5ff600e7064f78f0840b9bfb783154d7/242dd42a2834349ba720f036ccea15ce36d3be5b.jpg)
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D10/sign=29013c89354e251fe6f7e0f8a68613e5/86d6277f9e2f0708400db4b3ec24b899a901f27d.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D617/sign=8dc3401cbe99a9013f3558372a940a58/9922720e0cf3d7cae938a37ef41fbe096a63a9e8.jpg)
诱导公式口诀“奇变偶不变,符号看象限”意义:
k×π/2±a(k∈z)的三角函数值.(1)当k为偶数时,等于α的同名三角函数值,前面加上一个把α看作锐角时原三角函数值的符号;
(2)当k为奇数时,等于α的异名三角函数值,前面加上一个把α看作锐角时原三角函数值的符号。
(2)当k为奇数时,等于α的异名三角函数值,前面加上一个把α看作锐角时原三角函数值的符号。
记忆方法一:奇变偶不变,符号看象限:
记忆方法二:无论α是多大的角,都将α看成锐角.
以诱导公式二为例:
若将α看成锐角(终边在第一象限),则π十α是第三象限的角(终边在第三象限),正弦函数的函数值在第三象限是负值,余弦函数的函数值在第三象限是负值,正切函数的函数值在第三象限是正值.这样,就得到了诱导公式二.
以诱导公式四为例:
若将α看成锐角(终边在第一象限),则π-α是第二象限的角(终边在第二象限),正弦函数的三角函数值在第二象限是正值,余弦函数的三角函数值在第二象限是负值,正切函数的三角函数值在第二象限是负值.这样,就得到了诱导公式四.
以诱导公式四为例:
若将α看成锐角(终边在第一象限),则π-α是第二象限的角(终边在第二象限),正弦函数的三角函数值在第二象限是正值,余弦函数的三角函数值在第二象限是负值,正切函数的三角函数值在第二象限是负值.这样,就得到了诱导公式四.
诱导公式的应用:
运用诱导公式转化三角函数的一般步骤:
特别提醒:三角函数化简与求值时需要的知识储备:①熟记特殊角的三角函数值;②注意诱导公式的灵活运用;③三角函数化简的要求是项数要最少,次数要最低,函数名最少,分母能最简,易求值最好。
特别提醒:三角函数化简与求值时需要的知识储备:①熟记特殊角的三角函数值;②注意诱导公式的灵活运用;③三角函数化简的要求是项数要最少,次数要最低,函数名最少,分母能最简,易求值最好。
和差角公式
二角和差公式
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D247/sign=3c6147b39325bc312f5d069c69de8de7/71cf3bc79f3df8dcc0941decc711728b47102825.jpg)
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D192/sign=e05915b649166d223c77119d74220945/faf2b2119313b07e7f22c27506d7912397dd8c34.jpg)
证明如图:负号的情况只需要用-
β代替
β即可.cot(
α+
β)推导只需把角
α对边设为1,过程与tan(
α+
β)相同.
三角和公式
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D597/sign=8edbf1a3376d55fbc1c6762f5a234f40/c8ea15ce36d3d5391e4c92be3087e950352ab05e.jpg)
和差化积公式
口诀:正加正,正在前,余加余,余并肩,正减正,余在前,余减余,负正弦.
积化和差公式
倍角公式
二倍角公式
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D357/sign=909e0329094f78f0840b9cf64e300a83/1e30e924b899a901277bc64b17950a7b0208f505.jpg)
三倍角公式
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D176/sign=8e5dd9b198510fb37c197390ef32c893/377adab44aed2e73e34411248101a18b87d6fa0d.jpg)
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D180/sign=daad732b75f08202299295377bfafb8a/b999a9014c086e066a73a84304087bf40bd1cbdb.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D282/sign=ca2973f27dcb0a4681228c315962f63e/ac345982b2b7d0a2ca2e9595cdef76094a369ad7.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D287/sign=b34b1023b651f819f5250442edb54a76/09fa513d269759eeb734f6c3b4fb43166d22df56.jpg)
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D279/sign=bbc8798c4ced2e73f8e9812bbe00a16d/58ee3d6d55fbb2fbcea4ce1a494a20a44623dc2f.jpg)
证明:
sin3
a
=sin(a+2a)
=sin^2a·cosa+cos^2a·sina
=2sina(1-sin^2a)+(1-2sin^2a)sina
=3sina-4sin^3a
cos3a
=cos(2a+a)
=cos^2acosa-sin^2asina
=(2cos^2a-1)cosa-2(1-cos^2a)cosa
=4cos^3a-3cosa
sin3
a
=3sina-4sin^3a
=4sina(3/4-sin^2a)
=4sina[(√3/2)-sina][(√3/2)+sina]
=4sina(sin60°+sina)(sin60°-sina)
=4sina*2sin[(60+a)/2]cos[(60°-a)/2]*2sin[(60°-a)/2]cos[60°+a)/2]
=4sinasin(60°+a)sin(60°-a)
cos3a
=4cos^3a-3cosa
=4cosa(cos^2a-3/4)
=4cosa[cos^2a-(√3/2)^2]
=4cosa(cosa-cos30°)(cosa+cos30°)
=4cosa*2cos[(a+30°)/2]cos[(a-30°)/2]*{-2sin[(a+30°)/2]sin[(a-30°)/2]}
=-4cosasin(a+30°)sin(a-30°)
=-4cosasin[90°-(60°-a)]sin[-90°+(60°+a)]
=-4cosacos(60°-a)[-cos(60°+a)]
=4cosacos(60°-a)cos(60°+a)
上述两式相比可得:
tan3a=tana·tan(60°-a)·tan(60°+a)
四倍角公式
sin4a=-4*[cosa*sina*(2*sina^2-1)]
cos4a=1+(-8*cosa^2+8*cosa^4)
tan4a=(4*tana-4*tana^3)/(1-6*tana^2+tana^4)
五倍角公式
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D263/sign=f13d6174c5cec3fd8f3ea073e589d4b6/aa64034f78f0f736e7ecd0b90c55b319ebc41373.jpg)
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D269/sign=447e32d849c2d562f608d7ebde1090f3/cdbf6c81800a19d8417818bd35fa828ba61e460b.jpg)
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D273/sign=57bdfda417dfa9ecf92e511051d1f754/d52a2834349b033bfedb636213ce36d3d539bd33.jpg)
n
倍角公式
应用
欧拉公式:
.
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D132/sign=7fcb2990307adab439d01f40b9d5b36b/4e4a20a4462309f7178037aa740e0cf3d6cad69f.jpg)
上式用于求n倍角的三角函数时,可变形为:
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D239/sign=89d9a13608087bf479ec50eacbd2575e/6a63f6246b600c33130840b5104c510fd9f9a15e.jpg)
所以
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D208/sign=c9b2cfb90c55b31998f985757ba88286/6f061d950a7b02081d85bc5964d9f2d3572cc83e.jpg)
其中,Re表示取实数部分,Im表示取虚数部分.而
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D534/sign=80d1665c788b4710ca2ffdcff7cfc3b2/ac4bd11373f0820260df0f4241fbfbedab641b79.jpg)
所以
半角公式
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D318/sign=7e5d8c7a3c87e9504617f56d2839531b/37d12f2eb9389b50879f63eb8335e5dde7116e23.jpg)
(正负由
所在的象限决定)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D31/sign=11184a251d30e924cba49a304c088f5f/2fdda3cc7cd98d1017f95b1c233fb80e7bec90e9.jpg)
万能公式
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D145/sign=493c7eb476cf3bc7ec00c9e8e401babd/43a7d933c895d143837e669a75f082025aaf077a.jpg)
辅助角公式
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D339/sign=50c83f21ce1349547a1eee676f4f92dd/f9dcd100baa1cd117c9cf580bc12c8fcc3ce2d63.jpg)
证明:
由于
,显然
,且
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D67/sign=da1fdeee7df0f736dcfe4f060b555352/6159252dd42a283445e0de9a5eb5c9ea14cebfd9.jpg)
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D35/sign=0da7e8dbdfb44aed5d4eb8e1b21cbb17/96dda144ad34598239080e0309f431adcaef84a5.jpg)
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D247/sign=fbb8916427f5e0feea188e056b6134e5/6609c93d70cf3bc7949a5391db00baa1cd112a30.jpg)
故有:
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D321/sign=b92bd1c494510fb37c197195e832c893/2f738bd4b31c8701fe6d2d9b2d7f9e2f0608fff0.jpg)
其他公式
正弦定理
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D190/sign=b214ddd4ad64034f0bcdc60f9fc27980/03087bf40ad162d90b3c711517dfa9ec8b13cded.jpg)
正弦定理变形可得:
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D307/sign=9e16ddb900d162d981ee641c26dfa950/0d338744ebf81a4ccd117fb4dd2a6059252da6a8.jpg)
余弦定理
对于如图所示的边长为
a、
b、
c而相应角为
α、
β、
γ的△
ABC,有:
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D160/sign=f6e4fee2ae0f4bfb88d09a52334e788f/6f061d950a7b02080f12ae9c68d9f2d3562cc8f0.jpg)
也可表示为:
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D137/sign=f95269b114178a82ca3c7ba3c102737f/10dfa9ec8a13632719a4514e9b8fa0ec08fac706.jpg)
降幂公式
sin²α=[1-cos(2α)]/2
cos²α=[1+cos(2α)]/2
tan²α=[1-cos(2α)]/[1+cos(2α)]
三角和
sin(α+β+γ)=sinα·cosβ·cosγ+cosα·sinβ·cosγ+cosα·cosβ·sinγ-sinα·sinβ·sinγ
cos(α+β+γ)=cosα·cosβ·cosγ-cosα·sinβ·sinγ-sinα·cosβ·sinγ-sinα·sinβ·cosγ
tan(α+β+γ)=(tanα+tanβ+tanγ-tanα·tanβ·tanγ)÷(1-tanα·tanβ-tanβ·tanγ-tanγ·tanα)
幂级数
c0+c1x+c2x2+...+cnxn+...=∑cnxn (n=0..∞)
c0+c1(x-a)+c2(x-a)2+...+cn(x-a)n+...=∑cn(x-a)n (n=0..∞)
泰勒级数
泰勒展开式又叫幂级数展开法
f(x)=f(a)+f'(a)/1!*(x-a)+f''(a)/2!*(x-a)2+...+f(n)(a)/n!*(x-a)n+…
实用幂级数:
ex= 1+x+x2/2!+x3/3!+…+xn/n!+…,x∈R
ln(1+x)=x-x2/2+x3/3-…+(-1)k-1xk/k, x∈(-1,1)
x∈R
x∈R
在解初等三角函数时,只需记住公式便可轻松作答,在竞赛中,往往会用到与图像结合的方法求三角函数值、三角函数
不等式、面积等等。
傅里叶级数
傅里叶级数
傅里叶级数又称三角级数
f(x)=a0/2+∑(n=0..∞) (ancosnx+bnsinnx)
a0=1/π∫(π..-π) (f(x))dx
an=1/π∫(π..-π) (f(x)cosnx)dx
bn=1/π∫(π..-π) (f(x)sinnx)dx