完全恢复与Resetlogs

很多朋友经常会对完全恢复与Resetlogs产生误解,以为使用Resetlogs方式打开数据库就是不完全恢复，这种看法是不正确的。

只要拥有当前的日志文件，那么就能够对数据库执行完全恢复，而是否需要使用Resetlogs方式打开，则取决于是否使用的是备份的控制文件，如果使用的是备份的控制文件则需要使用Resetlogs方式打开数据库，如果拥有当前的控制文件或者通过重建控制文件来恢复，就不需要通过Restlogs方式打开数据库。

 

(1)、使用备份控制文件进行恢复(此时要用Resetlogs打开数据库)

RMAN> run

{

startup nomount;

restore controlfile from autobackup;

sql 'alter database mount';

restore database;

recover database;

sql 'alter database open resetlogs';

}

(2)、通过重建控制文件进行恢复(此时不需要用Resetlogs打开数据库)

RMAN>run

{

startup nomount;

restore controlfile from autobackup;

sql 'alter database mount';

restore database;

}

切换到sqlplus，关闭数据库，启动到nomount状态，重建控制文件

SQL>alter database backup controlfile to trace;

SQL> startup nomount force;

SQL>重建控制文件代码

SQL>recover database;            --要保证有全备后的归档日志文件和联机日志

SQL>alter database open;

SQL> alter database mount;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;

Database altered.

找到trace文件，编辑、执行重建控制文件需要部分:

[oracle@jumper oracle]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Jun 11 01:30:50 2005 Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production With the Partitioning option JServer Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production SQL> shutdown immediate; ORA-01109: database not open Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup nomount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 101782828 bytes Fixed Size 451884 bytes Variable Size 37748736 bytes Database Buffers 62914560 bytes Redo Buffers 667648 bytes SQL> set echo on SQL> @ctl SQL> SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "CONNER" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG 2 -- SET STANDBY TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE 3 MAXLOGFILES 5 4 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3 5 MAXDATAFILES 100 6 MAXINSTANCES 1 7 MAXLOGHISTORY 1361 8 LOGFILE 9 GROUP 1 '/opt/oracle/oradata/conner/redo01.log' SIZE 10M, 10 GROUP 2 '/opt/oracle/oradata/conner/redo02.log' SIZE 10M, 11 GROUP 3 '/opt/oracle/oradata/conner/redo03.log' SIZE 10M 12 -- STANDBY LOGFILE 13 DATAFILE 14 '/opt/oracle/oradata/conner/system01.dbf', 15 '/opt/oracle/oradata/conner/undotbs01.dbf', 16 '/opt/oracle/oradata/conner/users01.dbf' 17 CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK 18 ; Control file created.

5.执行恢复

SQL> recover database; ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors ORA-01610: recovery using the BACKUP CONTROLFILE option must be done SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel; ORA-00279: change 240560269 generated at 06/09/2005 17:33:48 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /opt/oracle/oradata/conner/archive/1_7.dbf ORA-00280: change 240560269 for thread 1 is in sequence #7 Specify log: { =suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} auto ORA-00279: change 240600632 generated at 06/10/2005 10:42:26 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /opt/oracle/oradata/conner/archive/1_8.dbf ORA-00280: change 240600632 for thread 1 is in sequence #8 ORA-00278: log file '/opt/oracle/oradata/conner/archive/1_7.dbf' no longer needed for this recovery Specify log: { =suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} auto ORA-00279: change 240620884 generated at 06/10/2005 10:45:42 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /opt/oracle/oradata/conner/archive/1_9.dbf ORA-00280: change 240620884 for thread 1 is in sequence #9 ORA-00278: log file '/opt/oracle/oradata/conner/archive/1_8.dbf' no longer needed for this recovery ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [3020], [4242465], [1], [9], [314], [272], [], [] ORA-10567: Redo is inconsistent with data block (file# 1, block# 48161) ORA-10564: tablespace SYSTEM ORA-01110: data file 1: '/opt/oracle/oradata/conner/system01.dbf' ORA-10560: block type 'DATA SEGMENT HEADER - UNLIMITED' ORA-01112: media recovery not started SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel; ORA-00279: change 240620949 generated at 06/10/2005 10:45:44 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /opt/oracle/oradata/conner/archive/1_9.dbf ORA-00280: change 240620949 for thread 1 is in sequence #9 Specify log: { =suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} cancel Media recovery cancelled. SQL> alter database open resetlogs; Database altered. SQL> select name from v$datafile; NAME ------------------------------------------------------------ /opt/oracle/oradata/conner/system01.dbf /opt/oracle/oradata/conner/undotbs01.dbf /opt/oracle/oradata/conner/users01.dbf SQL>

至此恢复完毕。
 

using backup controlfile和 until cancel 区别

1. recover database using backup controlfile
2. recover database until cancel
3. recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
4. recover database until cancel using backup controlfile;

区别：

1. 如果丢失丢失当前控制文件，用冷备份中的控制文件恢复的时候。用来告诉oracle，不要以controlfile中的scn作为恢复的终点；

2. 如果丢失current/active redo的时候。手动指定终点。

3. 如果 丢失当前controlfile并且current/active redo都丢失，会先去 自动 应用归档日志,可以实现最大的恢复；

4. 如果 丢失当前controlfile并且current/active redo都丢失，以旧的redo中的scn为恢复终点。因为没有应用归档日志，所以会丢失数据。

 

RMAN备份文件格式

备份文件可以自定义各种各样的格式，如下：
%c 备份片的拷贝数
%d 数据库名称
%D 位于该月中的第几天 (DD)
%M 位于该年中的第几月 (MM)
%F 一个基于DBID 唯一的名称,这个格式的形式为c-IIIIIIIIII-YYYYMMDD-QQ,
其中IIIIIIIIII 为该数据库的DBID，YYYYMMDD 为日期，QQ 是一个1-256 的序
列
%n 数据库名称，向右填补到最大八个字符
%u 一个八个字符的名称代表备份集与创建时间
%p 该备份集中的备份片号，从1 开始到创建的文件数
%U 一个唯一的文件名，代表%u_%p_%c
%s 备份集的号
%t 备份集时间戳
%T 年月日格式(YYYYMMDD)