安装oracle 11g express edition 到 ubuntu 系统

安装按以下步骤

Installing Oracle 11g R2 Express Edition on Ubuntu 64-bit

              Recently I installed Oracle 11g R2 Express Edition on my ubuntu 12.04 ( Precise Pangolin). But for this, I have to google a lot and had to install two times to get a fully working environment. So, I thought it would be better if I share my experience with my fellow ubuntu'ers so that they don't have to face the troubles that I encountered. I have came up with following series of steps ( mostly derived from the link source I given at the end of this post ) for easy and hassle-free installation.

              But at first, I must inform you about the limitations of Oracle 11g R2 Express Edition (XE) which are as follows :

• The Installer released by Oracle is only meant for 64-bit (x86_64) systems. If you wish to install the 32-bit version , seeinstalling oracle xe on ubuntu 32-bit
• It will consume, at most, processing resources equivalent to one CPU.
• Only one installation of Oracle Database XE can be performed on a single computer.
• The maximum amount of user data in an Oracle Database XE database cannot exceed 11 GB.
• The maximum amount of RAM that Oracle XE uses cannot exceed 1 GB, even if more is available.

Now the steps for Installation :

1)Download the Oracle 11gR2 express edition installer from the link given below:

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/products/express-edition/downloads/index.html

(You will need to create a free oracle web account if you don'talready have it )

2)Unzip it :

unziporacle-xe-11.2.0-1.0.x86_64.rpm.zip

3)Install the following packages :

sudoapt-get install alien libaio1 unixodbc vim

4)Convert the red-hat ( rpm ) package to Ubuntu-package :

sudoalien --scripts -d oracle-xe-11.2.0-1.0.x86_64.rpm

(Note:this may take a while , till that time you can go for step 5 )

5)Do the following pre-requisite things:

a)Create a specialchkconfig script:

TheRed Hat based installer of Oracle XE 11gR2 relies on /sbin/chkconfig ,which is not used in Ubuntu. The chkconfig package available for the current version of Ubuntu produces errorsand my not be safe to use. Below is a simple trick to get around theproblem and install Oracle XE successfully:  

sudovim /sbin/chkconfig

(copyand paste the following into the file )
#!/bin/bash
#Oracle 11gR2 XE installer chkconfig hack for Ubuntu
file=/etc/init.d/oracle-xe
if[[ ! `tail -n1 $file | grep INIT` ]]; then
echo>> $file
echo'### BEGIN INIT INFO' >> $file
echo'# Provides: OracleXE' >> $file
echo'# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog' >> $file
echo'# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog' >> $file
echo'# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5' >> $file
echo'# Default-Stop: 0 1 6' >> $file
echo'# Short-Description: Oracle 11g Express Edition' >>$file
echo'### END INIT INFO' >> $file
fi
update-rc.doracle-xe defaults 80 01

Save the above file and provideappropriate execute privilege :

       chmod755 /sbin/chkconfig

b)Set the Kernel parameters :

Oracle11gR2 XE requires to set the following additional kernel parameters:

sudovim /etc/sysctl.d/60-oracle.conf  

(Enterthe following) 

#Oracle 11g XE kernel parameters  

fs.file-max=6815744  

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=900065000  

kernel.sem=25032000 100 128  

kernel.shmmax=536870912 

(Savethe file) 

Note: kernel.shmmax= max possible value , e.g. size of physical RAM ( in bytes e.g.512MB RAM == 512*1024*1024 == 536870912 bytes ) 

Verifythe change : 

sudocat /etc/sysctl.d/60-oracle.conf 

Load new kernelparameters: 

sudoservice procps start  

Verify: sudosysctl -qfs.file-max 

       ->fs.file-max = 6815744 

c)Increase the system swap space : Analyzeyour current swap space by following command :

           free-m  

Minimumswap space requirement of Oracle 11gR2 XE is 2 GB . In case, your islesser , you can increase it by following steps in my one of previous post .

d)make some more required changes :

i) ln-s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk  

ii) mkdir/var/lock/subsys  

iii) touch/var/lock/subsys/listener 

6)N owyou are ready to install Oracle 11gR2 XE. Go to the directory whereyou created the ubuntu package file in Step 4 and enter followingcommands in terminal :

i) sudodpkg --install oracle-xe_11.2.0-2_amd64.deb  

Update :Before you proceed to next step , do have a look at this trouble-shooting post in order to avoid MEMORY TARGET or any other "shared memory" error.
ii) sudo/etc/init.d/oracle-xe configure  

Enterthe following configuration information:

• Avalid HTTP port for the Oracle Application Express (the default is8080) 
• Avalid port for the Oracle database listener (the default is 1521) 
• Apassword for the SYS and SYSTEM administrative user accounts
• Confirmpassword for SYS and SYSTEM administrative user accounts
• Whetheryou want the database to start automatically when the computer starts(next reboot).

7)Before you start using Oracle 11gR2 XE you have to set-up more things:

a)Set-up the environmental variables :

Addfollowing lines to your .bashrc :

exportORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe
exportORACLE_SID=XE
exportNLS_LANG=`$ORACLE_HOME/bin/nls_lang.sh`
exportORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
exportPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
 

b)execute your .profile to load the changes:

    

         ../.profile

8)Start the Oracle 11gR2 XE :

sudoservice oracle-xe start

Theoutput should be similar to following :

user@machine:~$sudo service oracle-xe start
StartingOracle Net Listener.
StartingOracle Database 11g Express Edition instance.
user@machine:~$
 

8) Createyour user :

a)start sqlplus and login as sys :

sqlplussys as sysdba

(provide the password you gave while configuring the oracle in Step 6(ii) ).

Thisshould come to following :

SQL*Plus:Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Wed May 9 12:12:16 2012

Copyright(c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Enterpassword:

Connectedto:

OracleDatabase 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

SQL>

b)Enter following on the sql prompt : Replaceusername andpassword by your desired ones.

SQL>create user username identified by password;

Usercreated.

SQL>grant connect,resource to username;

Grantsucceeded. 

 

9) Now as you have created the user , you can login to it :

user@machine:~$sqlplus

SQL*Plus:Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Wed May 9 12:28:48 2012

Copyright(c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Enteruser-name: temp

Enterpassword:

Connectedto:

OracleDatabase 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

SQL>select 2+2 from dual;

2+2

----------

4

当启动oracle configuration时可能会遇到如下问题

ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

这是可能是由/dev/shm没有被分配内存引起的。

解决方案：

nano /etc/init.d/oracle-shm

add text

#! /bin/sh 
# /etc/init.d/oracle-shm 
# 
case "$1" in 
start) 
echo "Starting script /etc/init.d/oracle-shm" 
# Run only once at system startup  
if [ -e /dev/shm/.oracle-shm ]; then 
echo "/dev/shm is already mounted, nothing to do" 
else 
rm -f /dev/shm 
mkdir /dev/shm 
mount --move /run/shm /dev/shm 
mount -B /dev/shm /run/shm 
touch /dev/shm/.oracle-shm 
fi 
;; 
stop) 
echo "Stopping script /etc/init.d/oracle-shm" 
echo "Nothing to do" 
;; 
*) 
echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/oracle-shm {start|stop}" 
exit 1 
;; 
esac 
# 
### BEGIN INIT INFO 
# Provides: oracle-shm 
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog 
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog 
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6 
# Short-Description: Bind /run/shm to /dev/shm at system startup. 
# Description: Fix to allow Oracle 11g use AMM. 
### END INIT INFO

make the file executable

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle-shm
/etc/init.d/oracle-shm start

At this stage reboot, then check

df -kh /dev/shm