http工具类

HttpUtils


import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;

import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpDelete;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPut;
import org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.entity.ByteArrayEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

public class HttpUtils {
	
	/**
	 * get
	 * 
	 * @param host
	 * @param path
	 * @param method
	 * @param headers
	 * @param querys
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static HttpResponse doGet(String host, String path, String method, 
			Map<String, String> headers, 
			Map<String, String> querys)
            throws Exception {    	
    	HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host);

    	HttpGet request = new HttpGet(buildUrl(host, path, querys));
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) {
        	request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
        }
        
        return httpClient.execute(request);
    }
	
	/**
	 * post form
	 * 
	 * @param host
	 * @param path
	 * @param method
	 * @param headers
	 * @param querys
	 * @param bodys
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static HttpResponse doPost(String host, String path, String method, 
			Map<String, String> headers, 
			Map<String, String> querys, 
			Map<String, String> bodys)
            throws Exception {    	
    	HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host);

    	HttpPost request = new HttpPost(buildUrl(host, path, querys));
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) {
        	request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
        }

        if (bodys != null) {
            List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairList = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();

            for (String key : bodys.keySet()) {
                nameValuePairList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, bodys.get(key)));
            }
            UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairList, "utf-8");
            formEntity.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8");
            request.setEntity(formEntity);
        }

        return httpClient.execute(request);
    }	
	
	/**
	 * Post String
	 * 
	 * @param host
	 * @param path
	 * @param method
	 * @param headers
	 * @param querys
	 * @param body
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static HttpResponse doPost(String host, String path, String method, 
			Map<String, String> headers, 
			Map<String, String> querys, 
			String body)
            throws Exception {    	
    	HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host);

    	HttpPost request = new HttpPost(buildUrl(host, path, querys));
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) {
        	request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
        }

        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(body)) {
        	request.setEntity(new StringEntity(body, "utf-8"));
        }

        return httpClient.execute(request);
    }
	
	/**
	 * Post stream
	 * 
	 * @param host
	 * @param path
	 * @param method
	 * @param headers
	 * @param querys
	 * @param body
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static HttpResponse doPost(String host, String path, String method, 
			Map<String, String> headers, 
			Map<String, String> querys, 
			byte[] body)
            throws Exception {    	
    	HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host);

    	HttpPost request = new HttpPost(buildUrl(host, path, querys));
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) {
        	request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
        }

        if (body != null) {
        	request.setEntity(new ByteArrayEntity(body));
        }

        return httpClient.execute(request);
    }
	
	/**
	 * Put String
	 * @param host
	 * @param path
	 * @param method
	 * @param headers
	 * @param querys
	 * @param body
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static HttpResponse doPut(String host, String path, String method, 
			Map<String, String> headers, 
			Map<String, String> querys, 
			String body)
            throws Exception {    	
    	HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host);

    	HttpPut request = new HttpPut(buildUrl(host, path, querys));
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) {
        	request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
        }

        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(body)) {
        	request.setEntity(new StringEntity(body, "utf-8"));
        }

        return httpClient.execute(request);
    }
	
	/**
	 * Put stream
	 * @param host
	 * @param path
	 * @param method
	 * @param headers
	 * @param querys
	 * @param body
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static HttpResponse doPut(String host, String path, String method, 
			Map<String, String> headers, 
			Map<String, String> querys, 
			byte[] body)
            throws Exception {    	
    	HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host);

    	HttpPut request = new HttpPut(buildUrl(host, path, querys));
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) {
        	request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
        }

        if (body != null) {
        	request.setEntity(new ByteArrayEntity(body));
        }

        return httpClient.execute(request);
    }
	
	/**
	 * Delete
	 *  
	 * @param host
	 * @param path
	 * @param method
	 * @param headers
	 * @param querys
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static HttpResponse doDelete(String host, String path, String method, 
			Map<String, String> headers, 
			Map<String, String> querys)
            throws Exception {    	
    	HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host);

    	HttpDelete request = new HttpDelete(buildUrl(host, path, querys));
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) {
        	request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
        }
        
        return httpClient.execute(request);
    }
	
	private static String buildUrl(String host, String path, Map<String, String> querys) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
    	StringBuilder sbUrl = new StringBuilder();
    	sbUrl.append(host);
    	if (!StringUtils.isBlank(path)) {
    		sbUrl.append(path);
        }
    	if (null != querys) {
    		StringBuilder sbQuery = new StringBuilder();
        	for (Map.Entry<String, String> query : querys.entrySet()) {
        		if (0 < sbQuery.length()) {
        			sbQuery.append("&");
        		}
        		if (StringUtils.isBlank(query.getKey()) && !StringUtils.isBlank(query.getValue())) {
        			sbQuery.append(query.getValue());
                }
        		if (!StringUtils.isBlank(query.getKey())) {
        			sbQuery.append(query.getKey());
        			if (!StringUtils.isBlank(query.getValue())) {
        				sbQuery.append("=");
        				sbQuery.append(URLEncoder.encode(query.getValue(), "utf-8"));
        			}        			
                }
        	}
        	if (0 < sbQuery.length()) {
        		sbUrl.append("?").append(sbQuery);
        	}
        }
    	
    	return sbUrl.toString();
    }
	
	private static HttpClient wrapClient(String host) {
		HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
		if (host.startsWith("https://")) {
			sslClient(httpClient);
		}
		
		return httpClient;
	}
	
	private static void sslClient(HttpClient httpClient) {
        try {
            SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
            X509TrustManager tm = new X509TrustManager() {
                public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
                    return null;
                }
                public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] xcs, String str) {
                	
                }
                public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] xcs, String str) {
                	
                }
            };
            ctx.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null);
            SSLSocketFactory ssf = new SSLSocketFactory(ctx);
            ssf.setHostnameVerifier(SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
            ClientConnectionManager ccm = httpClient.getConnectionManager();
            SchemeRegistry registry = ccm.getSchemeRegistry();
            registry.register(new Scheme("https", 443, ssf));
        } catch (KeyManagementException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException(ex);
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) {
        	throw new RuntimeException(ex);
        }
    }
}


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### 回答1: Java提供了很多http工具类,其中比较常用的是`HttpURLConnection`和`HttpClient`。 1. HttpURLConnection: ```java URL url = new URL(urlStr); HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); // 设置请求方式和超时时间 conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); conn.setConnectTimeout(5000); conn.setReadTimeout(5000); // 发送请求 int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode(); if (responseCode == 200) { // 读取响应流 InputStream inputStream = conn.getInputStream(); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream)); String line; StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder(); while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { response.append(line); } inputStream.close(); conn.disconnect(); return response.toString(); } else { conn.disconnect(); return null; } ``` 2. HttpClient: ```java CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(urlStr); // 设置请求参数 RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom() .setConnectTimeout(5000) .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000) .setSocketTimeout(5000) .build(); httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); // 发送请求 HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet); if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) { // 读取响应流 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8"); EntityUtils.consume(entity); httpClient.close(); return result; } else { httpClient.close(); return null; } ``` 以上代码仅供参考,实际应用中需要根据具体需求进行适当的修改。 ### 回答2: Java中有很多http工具类可用于进行http请求和处理响应。其中比较常用的有Apache HttpClient和HttpURLConnection。 Apache HttpClient是一个功能强大、灵活且可扩展的http客户端库,它提供了完整的http方法的支持,如GET、POST、PUT、DELETE等。它可以处理http请求和响应,同时还支持代理、重定向、cookie管理、连接池等功能。使用HttpClient,可以方便地发送http请求并获取响应结果。 HttpURLConnection是Java原生的http客户端库,也是比较常用的一种方法,它提供了基本的http请求和响应功能。通过HttpURLConnection,可以创建http连接、设置请求头、设置请求参数并发送请求。发送请求后,可以获取响应的状态码、响应头和响应体等信息。 对于简单的http请求和响应处理,可以使用HttpURLConnection,因为它是Java内置的库,无需添加额外的依赖。而对于复杂的http请求和响应处理,例如处理代理、设置超时时间、处理cookie等,可以使用Apache HttpClient,因为它提供了更多的功能和更强的扩展性。 应根据具体的项目需求和情况选择适合的http工具类。无论是使用Apache HttpClient还是HttpURLConnection,都需要注意资源管理和异常处理,以确保http请求的有效执行,并适当处理请求失败和异常情况。 总之,Java中提供了丰富的http工具类供开发者选择和使用,可以根据具体需求选择合适的工具类来发送http请求和处理响应。 ### 回答3: Java中的HTTP工具类主要用于发送HTTP请求和处理HTTP响应。这些工具类主要有两个核心功能:发送和接收HTTP请求。 发送HTTP请求的工具类通常会提供各种方法来发送不同类型的请求,如GET、POST、PUT、DELETE等。这些方法会将请求参数、请求头信息和请求体以适当的格式发送给目标服务器。同时,还可以设置超时时间、重试次数等高级配置。 接收HTTP响应的工具类会将服务器返回的响应信息提取出来,并以易于使用的数据结构(如字符串、JSON、XML等)进行返回。这些工具类通常会提供方法来获取响应状态码、响应头信息以及响应体的内容。 此外,HTTP工具类还可以提供其他一些功能,如实现身份验证、处理重定向、处理Cookie等。这些功能能够使得HTTP请求和响应的处理更加方便和灵活。 常见的Java HTTP工具类有Apache HttpClient、OkHttp、Java HttpURLConnection等。这些工具类都是开源的,并且具有广泛的使用和支持。它们提供了一致性的API,并且可以与各种HTTP协议和服务器进行交互。 总之,Java的HTTP工具类是开发Web应用、数据抓取、接口测试等方面的重要工具。它们可以简化HTTP请求和响应的处理过程,提高开发效率和代码可维护性。

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