linux多线程编程--使用互斥锁的简单程序

银行应用中，一个帐号给另一个帐号汇款时，如果另一个帐号又有读取存款的操作，就会用到互斥锁。

使用互斥锁之前的简单程序如下：

// 这个程序使用锁来模拟银行的存取款

#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>

using namespace std;

struct data {
    int m;
    int n;
};

void* changeValue(void*);
void* print(void*);


int main() 
{
   struct data data0;
   data0.m = 5;
   data0.n = 3;
   
   pthread_t thread1;
   pthread_create(&thread1, NULL, changeValue, &data0);
   
   pthread_t thread2;
   pthread_create(&thread2, NULL, print, &data0);
   
   pthread_join(thread1, NULL);
   pthread_join(thread2, NULL);
   
   return 0;
}

void* changeValue(void* data_in) {
    sleep(1.5);
    struct data* data = (struct data*)data_in;
    data->m = data->m - 2;
    sleep(1.5);
    data->n = data->n + 2;
    sleep(1.5);
    pthread_exit(NULL);
}

void* print(void* data_in) {
    struct data* data0 = (struct data*)data_in;
    double sleep_time = 1.0, sum_time(0);
    while (sum_time<5.0) {
        cout << "i= " << data0->m << "j= " << data0->n << endl;
        cout << "i+j= " << data0->m + data0->n << endl;
        sleep(sleep_time);
        sum_time += sleep_time;
    }
    pthread_exit(NULL);
}

加互斥锁的程序

// 这个程序使用锁来模拟银行的存取款

#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>

using namespace std;

struct data {
    int m;
    int n;
};

void* changeValue(void*); // 函数最后都定义为这样的格式
void* print(void*);

pthread_mutex_t lock; // 定义全局互斥锁，否则不能在函数中使用

int main()
{
   struct data data0;
   data0.m = 5;
   data0.n = 3;
   
   pthread_mutex_init(&lock, NULL); // 初始化互斥锁
   
   pthread_t thread1;
   pthread_create(&thread1, NULL, changeValue, &data0);
   
   pthread_t thread2;
   pthread_create(&thread2, NULL, print, &data0);
   
   pthread_join(thread1, NULL);
   pthread_join(thread2, NULL);
   
   pthread_mutex_destroy(&lock); // 最后要销毁锁
   
   return 0;
}

void* changeValue(void* data_in) {
    pthread_mutex_lock(&lock); // 占用锁资源
    sleep(1.5);
    struct data* data = (struct data*)data_in;
    data->m = data->m - 2;
    sleep(1.5);
    data->n = data->n + 2;
    sleep(1.5);
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock); // 解除锁资源
    pthread_exit(NULL);
}

void* print(void* data_in) {
    sleep(0.1);
    pthread_mutex_lock(&lock);
    struct data* data0 = (struct data*)data_in;
    double sleep_time = 1.0, sum_time(0);
    while (sum_time<5.0) {
        cout << "i= " << data0->m << "j= " << data0->n << endl;
        cout << "i+j= " << data0->m + data0->n << endl;
        sleep(sleep_time);
        sum_time += sleep_time;
    }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock);
    pthread_exit(NULL);
}