当尝试恢复数据库时遇到ORA-19909错误，原因是数据库的主备角色切换后未正确重置控制文件。通过检查数据库的不同时期（incarnation）并执行reset database to incarnation命令，可以解决这个问题。操作包括列出数据库的化身、将数据库重置到正确的化身、重新执行恢复操作，最终成功打开并重置日志。
ORA-19909: datafile 1 belongs to an orphan incarnation
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 6847938560 bytes
Fixed Size 2219808 bytes
Variable Size 3539992800 bytes
Database Buffers 3288334336 bytes
Redo Buffers 17391616 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-19909: datafile 1 belongs to an orphan incarnation
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf'
Cause & Background information
The standby database has been activated previously but since then reverted back into its standby role. Prior to the RMAN duplicate operation the "alter system reset control_files scope=spfile sid='*';" has not been executed (i.e. the control files have not been overwritten).
Analysis
Primary and standby have different incarnations:
在我的实验中，实验数据库是利用RMAN duplicate
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